๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“

Apabhramsa

Alternative forms

Etymology

    Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-Iranian *mrฬฅgรกs
    Sanskrit เคฎเฅƒเค— (mแน›ga)vrd.
    Ashokan Prakrit ๐‘€ซ๐‘€• (maga)
    Apabhramsa ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“ (magga)

    Inherited from Prakrit ๐‘€ซ๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€• (magga), from Ashokan Prakrit ๐‘€ซ๐‘€• (maga /โ maggaโ /), from Sanskrit เคฎเคพเคฐเฅเค— (mฤrga).[1]

    Noun

    ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“ (magga) (attested in แนฌakka, Kฤล›mฤซrฤซ)[2][3]

    1. road, way
      • c. 1000 โ€“ 1100, Abdur Rahman, Sandeล›a-Rฤsaka 105:[4]
        ๐‘†‘๐‘†ฒ๐‘†ด ๐‘†Ÿ ๐‘†ฑ๐‘†ฎ๐‘†ด๐‘† ๐‘‡€๐‘†ก๐‘†ซ๐‘†ถ ๐‘†ฑ๐‘†‘๐‘‡€๐‘†‘๐‘†‡ ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†ช๐‘†Ÿ๐‘†ณ๐‘†‡๐‘†ฒ๐‘†ฎ๐‘†ฒ๐‘†ด๐‘†ช
        ๐‘†…๐‘†ช ๐‘†ƒ๐‘†ฎ๐‘† ๐‘‡€๐‘†ก ๐‘†ƒ๐‘†ฉ๐‘‡€๐‘†ฒ๐‘†ณ๐‘†ซ๐‘†ด๐‘†ช ๐‘†‘๐‘†๐‘† ๐‘†ฒ ๐‘†ฑ๐‘†ด๐‘†ฎ ๐‘†‘๐‘†ฒ๐‘†ด๐‘†ช ๐‘‡…
        ๐‘†ƒ๐‘†๐‘†“๐‘†จ๐‘†๐‘†“๐‘†ด ๐‘†Ÿ๐‘†ด๐‘†ซ๐‘†ถ ๐‘†ƒ๐‘†Ÿ๐‘†ซ๐‘†… ๐‘†‡๐‘†˜๐‘‡€๐‘†˜๐‘†“๐‘†‡ ๐‘†Ÿ๐‘†ด๐‘†ฑ๐‘†ด๐‘†ฒ๐‘†ด
        ๐‘†ฎ๐‘†ด๐‘†ฒ๐‘†ฌ๐‘†๐‘†”๐‘†ฌ ๐‘†“๐‘†ช ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“ ๐‘†–๐‘†ฌ๐‘†๐‘† ๐‘†ด๐‘†ฒ๐‘†ด ๐‘†„๐‘†ฌ๐‘†ฑ๐‘†ด๐‘†ฒ๐‘†ด ๐‘‡† ๐‘‡‘๐‘‡๐‘‡• ๐‘‡†
        kahi แน‡a savittharu sakkaรผ mayaแน‡ฤuhavahiya
        iya avattha amhฤriya kaแนƒtaha siva kahiya .
        aแนƒgabhaแนƒgi แน‡iru aแน‡araรฏ ujjagaรผ แน‡isihi
        vihalaแนƒghala gaya magga calaแนƒtihi ฤlasihi . 105 .
        • 1999 translation by Harivallabh Bhayani
          105.[5] Struck by the weapon's of Love, I cannot tell my message at length. You narrate fully to my darling this condition of mine. In every limbe I fell displeasure. I pass nights remaining awake. When I walk on the road, my gait is disturbed and slothful.

    Declension

    Declension of ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“ (masculine)
    singular plural
    Nominative ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ถ (maggu) ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“ (magga)
    Accusative ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ถ (maggu) ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“ (magga)
    Instrumental ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ผ๐‘† (maggeแนƒ) or ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ผ๐‘†Ÿ๐‘† (maggeแน‡aแนƒ) or ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ผ๐‘†Ÿ (maggeแน‡a) ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“ (magga) or ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ผ๐‘†ฒ๐‘†ด๐‘† (maggehiแนƒ)
    Dative ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ฒ๐‘†พ (maggaho) or ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ฑ๐‘†ถ (maggasu) or ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ฑ๐‘‡€๐‘†ฑ๐‘†ถ (maggassu) ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ฒ๐‘† (maggahaแนƒ)
    Ablative ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ฒ๐‘†ผ (maggahe) or ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ฒ๐‘†ถ (maggahu) ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ฒ๐‘†ถ๐‘† (maggahuแนƒ)
    Genitive ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ฒ๐‘†พ (maggaho) or ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ฑ๐‘†ถ (maggasu) or ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ฑ๐‘‡€๐‘†ฑ๐‘†ถ (maggassu) ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ฒ๐‘† (maggahaแนƒ) or ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ณ๐‘†Ÿ๐‘† (maggฤแน‡aแนƒ) or ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ณ๐‘†Ÿ (maggฤแน‡a)
    Locative ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ด (maggi) or ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ผ (magge) ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ฒ๐‘†ด๐‘† (maggahiแนƒ)
    Vocative ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“ (magga) ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ฒ๐‘†พ (maggaho)
    Declension of ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“ (neuter)
    singular plural
    Nominative ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ถ (maggu) ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“ (magga) or ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†…๐‘† (maggaรฏแนƒ) or ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ณ๐‘†…๐‘† (maggฤiแนƒ)
    Accusative ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ถ (maggu) ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“ (magga) or ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†…๐‘† (maggaรฏแนƒ) or ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ณ๐‘†…๐‘† (maggฤiแนƒ)
    Instrumental ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ผ๐‘† (maggeแนƒ) or ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ผ๐‘†Ÿ๐‘† (maggeแน‡aแนƒ) or ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ผ๐‘†Ÿ (maggeแน‡a) ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“ (magga) or ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ผ๐‘†ฒ๐‘†ด๐‘† (maggehiแนƒ)
    Dative ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ฒ๐‘†พ (maggaho) or ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ฑ๐‘†ถ (maggasu) or ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ฑ๐‘‡€๐‘†ฑ๐‘†ถ (maggassu) ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ฒ๐‘† (maggahaแนƒ)
    Ablative ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ฒ๐‘†ผ (maggahe) or ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ฒ๐‘†ถ (maggahu) ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ฒ๐‘†ถ๐‘† (maggahuแนƒ)
    Genitive ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ฒ๐‘†พ (maggaho) or ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ฑ๐‘†ถ (maggasu) or ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ฑ๐‘‡€๐‘†ฑ๐‘†ถ (maggassu) ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ฒ๐‘† (maggahaแนƒ) or ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ณ๐‘†Ÿ๐‘† (maggฤแน‡aแนƒ) or ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ณ๐‘†Ÿ (maggฤแน‡a)
    Locative ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ด (maggi) or ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ผ (magge) ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ฒ๐‘†ด๐‘† (maggahiแนƒ)
    Vocative ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“ (magga) ๐‘†ฉ๐‘†“๐‘‡€๐‘†“๐‘†ฒ๐‘†พ (maggaho)

    Descendants

    • Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
      • Punjabi:
        Gurmukhi script: เจฎเจพเจ‚เจ— (mฤแน…g)
        Shahmukhi script: ู…ุงู†ฺฏ (mฤng)
      • Sindhi: mฤgฬ u
        Arabic script: ู…ุงฺณู
        Devanagari script: เคฎเคพเฅปเฅ
        Khudabadi script: ๐‘‹—๐‘‹ ๐‘Šฝ๐‘‹ฃ

    References

    1. ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969โ€“1985) โ€œmฤrgaโ€, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 579
    2. ^ Pandurang Damodar Gune, (1923) Chimanlal Dahyabhai Dalal, editor, Bhavisayattakahฤ (Gaekwadโ€™s Oriental Series No. 20), Baroda: Central Library, โ†’OCLC, page 152, column 1
    3. ^ Muni Jinavijaya, Harivallabh Bhayani (1945) เคธเคจเฅเคฆเฅ‡เคถ เคฐเคพเคธเค• [sandeล›a rฤsaka] (Singhi Jain Series), 1st edition, Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, โ†’OCLC, page เฅงเฅงเฅฆ, column 1
    4. ^ Muni Jinavijaya, Harivallabh Bhayani (1945) เคธเคจเฅเคฆเฅ‡เคถ เคฐเคพเคธเค• [sandeล›a rฤsaka] (Singhi Jain Series), 1st edition, Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, โ†’OCLC, page เฅชเฅฉ
    5. ^ Harivallabh Bhayani (1999) Samdesarasaka of Abdala Rahamana (Prakrit Text Series), 1st edition, Ahmedabad: Prakrit Text Society, page 72
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