Ianuarius

See also: ianuarius

Latin

Alternative forms

Etymology

    From Iānus (“Janus”) +‎ -ārius.

    Pronunciation

    Adjective

    Iānuārius (feminine Iānuāria, neuter Iānuārium); first/second-declension adjective

    1. of January

    Usage notes

    In Classical Latin, month names were regularly used as adjectives, generally modifying a case-form of mēnsis m sg (“month”) or of one of the nouns used in the Roman calendar to refer to specific days of the month from which other days were counted: Calendae f pl (“calends”), Nōnae f pl (“nones”), Īdūs f pl (“ides”). However, the masculine noun mēnsis could be omitted by ellipsis, so the masculine singular forms of month names eventually came to be used as proper nouns.[1]

    The accusative plural adjective forms Aprīlīs, Septembrīs, Octōbrīs, Novembrīs, Decembrīs[2] are ambiguous in writing, being spelled identically to the genitive singular forms of the nouns; nevertheless, the use of ablative singular forms in -ī and comparison with the usage of other month names as adjectives supports the interpretation of -is as an accusative plural adjective ending in Classical Latin phrases such as "kalendas Septembris".[3]

    Declension

    First/second-declension adjective.

    singular plural
    masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
    nominative Iānuārius Iānuāria Iānuārium Iānuāriī Iānuāriae Iānuāria
    genitive Iānuāriī Iānuāriae Iānuāriī Iānuāriōrum Iānuāriārum Iānuāriōrum
    dative Iānuāriō Iānuāriae Iānuāriō Iānuāriīs
    accusative Iānuārium Iānuāriam Iānuārium Iānuāriōs Iānuāriās Iānuāria
    ablative Iānuāriō Iānuāriā Iānuāriō Iānuāriīs
    vocative Iānuārie Iānuāria Iānuārium Iānuāriī Iānuāriae Iānuāria

    Proper noun

    Iānuārius m (genitive Iānuāriī or Iānuārī); second declension

    1. January
    2. a male given name

    Declension

    Second-declension noun.

    singular plural
    nominative Iānuārius Iānuāriī
    genitive Iānuāriī
    Iānuārī1     		Iānuāriōrum
    dative Iānuāriō Iānuāriīs
    accusative Iānuārium Iānuāriōs
    ablative Iānuāriō Iānuāriīs
    vocative Iānuārī Iānuāriī

    1Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

    Descendants

    • Padanian:
      • Romansch: schaner
    • Northern Gallo-Romance:
    • Ibero-Romance:
    • Vulgar Latin:
    Borrowings

    See also

    References

    1. ^ Karl Gottlob Zumpt (1853) Leonhard Schmitz, Charles Anthon, transl., A Grammar of the Latin Language, 3rd edition, pages 31, 85
    2. ^ Gaeng, Paul A. (1968) An Inquiry into Local Variations in Vulgar Latin: As Reflected in the Vocalism of Christian Inscriptions, page 183
    3. ^ Frost, P. (1861) The Germania and Agricola of Tacitus, page 161

    Further reading

    • “Iānuārius”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • “Iānuārius” on page 817/1 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)

    Old English

    Etymology

    Borrowed from Latin Iānuārius.

    Proper noun

    Ianuarius m

    1. January
      Synonym: æfterra ġēola
      • late 9th century, Old English Martyrology
        On þone eahteðan ġeohheldæg bið þǣs mōnðes fruma þe mon nemneð Ianuarius, þæt is on ūre ġeþēode sē æftera geola.
        On the eighth day of Christmas is the beginning of the month known as January, which in our language is After-Yule.

    See also

    References

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