Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ɸrikā

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pr̥keh₂ (“furrow”), from Proto-Indo-European *perḱ- (“to dig”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *furhs (“furrow”), Latin porca (“ridge, balk”), Lithuanian prapar̃šas (“ditch”), and Sanskrit पर्शान (párśāna, “chasm”).

Noun

*ɸrikā f^[1]^[2]

furrow

Declension

Feminine ā-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ɸrikā	*ɸrikai	*ɸrikās
vocative	*ɸrikā	*ɸrikai	*ɸrikās
accusative	*ɸrikam	*ɸrikai	*ɸrikāns
genitive	*ɸrikās	*ɸrikous	*ɸrikom
dative	*ɸrikāi	*ɸrikābom	*ɸrikābos
locative	*ɸrikai	*?	*?
instrumental	*?	*ɸrikābim	*ɸrikābis

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *rrɨx
- Old Breton: rec
  - Middle Breton: rec
    - Breton: re
- Middle Welsh: rych, rhych
  - Welsh: rhych
Old Irish: etrech
- Middle Irish: etarche, etrige
  - Irish: eitre
Gaulish: *rikā^[3]
- → Late Latin: riga
  - Catalan: rec, rega
  - Old French: roie
    - French: raie
  - Provençal: rega
  - Galician: rego

References

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*frikā-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 140/141
^ Koch, John (2004) “*φrik(k)o-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎^[1], University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 138
^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “rica”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 257

[Matasovic-1] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*frikā-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 140/141

[2] Koch, John (2004) “*φrik(k)o-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎^[1], University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 138

[DLG-3] Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “rica”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 257

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