Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ēnu

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

  • *ēnō, *ēnau, *inō
  • *enu, *ēneu[1]

Etymology

Dunkel reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *énu (“along, after”) for Gothic and lengthened grade *ḗnu for North and West Germanic.[2] Kroonen derives Alemannic and Cimbrian from *ēneu and unites this with the forms *ēnu and *enu by positing a Proto-Indo-European u-stem noun *h₂ḗn-u, loc. *h₂n-éw, from *h₂en- (“to scoop”),[3] which could also explain Ancient Greek ἄνευ (áneu).[1]

Preposition

*ēnu

  1. (with instrumental) without

Descendants

  • Old Frisian: ōne, ōni
  • Old Saxon: āno
    • Middle Low German: āne
      • Low German: ahn
  • Old Dutch: *āna
    • Middle Dutch: ane, an, on
      • ⇒ Middle Dutch: ane dancs, ondancs
        • Dutch: ondanks
        • Limburgish: óndanks, óndanx
  • Old High German: āno, ānu, āna, āne
  • Proto-Norse: *ᚨᚾᚢ (*anu /⁠ānu⁠/)
  • Gothic: 𐌹𐌽𐌿 (inu), 𐌹𐌽𐌿𐌷 (inuh)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*ē̆nu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  2. ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 241
  3. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 266
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