Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bōtijaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *bōtō (“improvement, recompense”) + *-janą.[1]
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈbɔː.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
- to improve
- to compensate, pay a fine
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *bōtijō | *bōtijaų | — | *bōtijai | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *bōtīsi | *bōtijais | *bōtī | *bōtijasai | *bōtijaisau | |
| 3rd singular | *bōtīþi | *bōtijai | *bōtijaþau | *bōtijaþai | *bōtijaiþau | |
| 1st dual | *bōtijōs | *bōtijaiw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *bōtijaþiz | *bōtijaiþiz | *bōtijaþiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *bōtijamaz | *bōtijaim | — | *bōtijanþai | *bōtijainþau | |
| 2nd plural | *bōtīþ | *bōtijaiþ | *bōtīþ | *bōtijanþai | *bōtijainþau | |
| 3rd plural | *bōtijanþi | *bōtijain | *bōtijanþau | *bōtijanþai | *bōtijainþau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *bōtidǭ | *bōtidēdį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *bōtidēz | *bōtidēdīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *bōtidē | *bōtidēdī | ||||
| 1st dual | *bōtidēdū | *bōtidēdīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *bōtidēdudiz | *bōtidēdīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *bōtidēdum | *bōtidēdīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *bōtidēdud | *bōtidēdīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *bōtidēdun | *bōtidēdīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *bōtijandz | *bōtidaz | ||||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *bōtijan
- Old Norse: bǿta, bœta, bꝍta
- Gothic: 𐌱𐍉𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bōtjan)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bōtō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 72: “*bōtjan-”
- ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*bōtjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 52