Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bōtō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰoHd-eh₂-, from *bʰed-, *bʰeHd- (“to improve”). Synchronically analyzed as an ō-stem nominal formation from the root *bat underlying *batiz (“better”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbɔː.tɔː/

Noun

*bōtō f

Inflection

Declension of *bōtō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*bōtō	*bōtôz
vocative	*bōtō	*bōtôz
accusative	*bōtǭ	*bōtōz
genitive	*bōtōz	*bōtǫ̂
dative	*bōtōi	*bōtōmaz
instrumental	*bōtō	*bōtōmiz

Derived terms

Related terms

*bataną
*bataz
*batiz
*batnaną
*batô
*batōną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *bōtu
- Old English: bōt
  - Middle English: bot, bote, boote
    - English: boot
    - → English: bote
    - Scots: bute, buit
- Old Frisian: bōte
  - Saterland Frisian: Boate
  - West Frisian: boete
- Old Saxon: bōta
  - Middle Low German: bote, bôte, bute
    - Low German: Bote
- Old Dutch: *buota
  - Middle Dutch: boete
    - Dutch: boete
      - Afrikaans: boete
- Old High German: buoza, buoz
  - Middle High German: buoze
    - German: Buße
    - Luxembourgish: Bouss
Old Norse: bót
- Icelandic: bót
- Faroese: bót
- Norwegian Nynorsk: bot
- Old Swedish: bōt
  - Swedish: bot
- Danish: bod
  - Norwegian Bokmål: bot
Gothic: 𐌱𐍉𐍄𐌰 (bōta)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bōtō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 72

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bōtō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 72

[1]