Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/barjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“to pierce, strike”). Cognate with Latin ferīre (“to beat, strike”), Proto-Slavic *borniti (“to defend”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈbɑr.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*barjaną[1][2]

  1. to beat, strike

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *barjō *barjaų — *barjai ?
2nd singular *barisi *barjais *bari *barjasai *barjaisau
3rd singular *bariþi *barjai *barjaþau *barjaþai *barjaiþau
1st dual *barjōs *barjaiw — — —
2nd dual *barjaþiz *barjaiþiz *barjaþiz — —
1st plural *barjamaz *barjaim — *barjanþai *barjainþau
2nd plural *bariþ *barjaiþ *bariþ *barjanþai *barjainþau
3rd plural *barjanþi *barjain *barjanþau *barjanþai *barjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *baridǭ *baridēdį̄
2nd singular *baridēz *baridēdīz
3rd singular *baridē *baridēdī
1st dual *baridēdū *baridēdīw
2nd dual *baridēdudiz *baridēdīdiz
1st plural *baridēdum *baridēdīm
2nd plural *baridēdud *baridēdīd
3rd plural *baridēdun *baridēdīn
present past
participles *barjandz *baridaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *barjan
    • Old English: berian (attested as ġebered (ppt))
    • (Old Frisian: ber)
    • Old High German: berjan, perjan, berien, *berren
  • Old Norse: berja

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*barjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 53
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*barjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 37
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