berja

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse berja, from Proto-Germanic *barjaną (to beat, to strike).

Verb

berja (third person singular past indicative bardi, third person plural past indicative bardu, supine bart)

  1. to beat

Conjugation

Conjugation of (group v-17)
infinitive
supine bart
present past
first singular berji bardi
second singular berjir bardi
third singular berjir bardi
plural berja bardu
participle (a7)1 berjandi bardur
imperative
singular berj!
plural berjið!

1Only the past participle being declined.

See also

Icelandic

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈpɛrja/
    Rhymes: -ɛrja

Etymology 1

From Old Norse berja, from Proto-Germanic *barjaną (to beat, to strike).

Verb

berja (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative barði, supine barið)

  1. to beat, to strike
    Synonyms: slá, lumbra, lemja
Conjugation
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berja – active voice (germynd)
infinitive nafnháttur berja
supine sagnbót barið
present participle
berjandi
indicative
subjunctive
present
past
present
past
singular ég ber barði berji berði
þú berð barðir berjir berðir
hann, hún, það ber barði berji berði
plural við berjum börðum berjum berðum
þið berjið börðuð berjið berðuð
þeir, þær, þau berja börðu berji berðu
imperative boðháttur
singular þú ber (þú), berðu
plural þið berjið (þið), berjiði1
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
berjast – mediopassive voice (miðmynd)
infinitive nafnháttur berjast
supine sagnbót barist
present participle
berjandist (rare; see appendix)
indicative
subjunctive
present
past
present
past
singular ég berst barðist berjist berðist
þú berst barðist berjist berðist
hann, hún, það berst barðist berjist berðist
plural við berjumst börðumst berjumst berðumst
þið berjist börðust berjist berðust
þeir, þær, þau berjast börðust berjist berðust
imperative boðháttur
singular þú berst (þú), berstu
plural þið berist (þið), beristi1
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
barinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension
(sterk beyging)
singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall)
barinn barin barið barðir barðar barin
accusative
(þolfall)
barinn barða barið barða barðar barin
dative
(þágufall)
börðum barinni börðu börðum börðum börðum
genitive
(eignarfall)
barins barinnar barins barinna barinna barinna
weak declension
(veik beyging)
singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall)
barði barða barða börðu börðu börðu
accusative
(þolfall)
barða börðu barða börðu börðu börðu
dative
(þágufall)
barða börðu barða börðu börðu börðu
genitive
(eignarfall)
barða börðu barða börðu börðu börðu
Derived terms
  • berja á (to thrash)
  • berja í gegn (to force through)
  • berja niður (to suppress, to beat down)
  • berja saman (to cobble together)
  • berja sér (to gripe, to complain)
  • berjast (to fight)

Etymology 2

Inflected form of ber (berry).

Noun

berja n

  1. indefinite genitive plural of ber

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

  • berje

Etymology

From Old Norse berja.

Verb

berja (present tense ber, past tense barde, past participle bart, passive infinitive berjast, present participle berjande, imperative ber)

  1. (transitive) to beat
  2. (transitive) to throw rocks at
  3. (transitive) to thresh

Noun

berja f (definite singular berja, indefinite plural berjer or berjor, definite plural berjene or berjone)

  1. definite singular of berje
  2. (pre-2012) alternative form of berje

References

Old Norse

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *barjaną. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (to pierce, strike).

Verb

berja (past indicative barði, past participle bariðr or barðr)

  1. to beat
  2. to fight
Conjugation
Conjugation of berja — active (weak class 1)
infinitive berja
present participle berjandi
past participle barðr
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular ber barða berja berða
2nd person singular berr barðir berir berðir
3rd person singular berr barði beri berði
1st person plural berjum bǫrðum berim berðim
2nd person plural berið bǫrðuð berið berðið
3rd person plural berja bǫrðu beri berði
imperative present
2nd person singular ber
1st person plural berjum
2nd person plural berið
Conjugation of berja — mediopassive (weak class 1)
infinitive berjask
present participle berjandisk
past participle berzk
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular berjumk bǫrðumk berjumk berðumk
2nd person singular bersk barðisk berisk berðisk
3rd person singular bersk barðisk berisk berðisk
1st person plural berjumsk bǫrðumsk berimsk berðimsk
2nd person plural berizk bǫrðuzk berizk berðizk
3rd person plural berjask bǫrðusk berisk berðisk
imperative present
2nd person singular bersk
1st person plural berjumsk
2nd person plural berizk
Alternative forms
  • ᛒᛆᚱᚦᛁ (barþi)third singular past indicative – M 2
  • ᛒᛅᚱᚦᚢᛋᚴ (barþusk)mediopassive third plural past indicative – DR 66
Descendants
  • Icelandic: berja
  • Faroese: berja
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: berja, berje
  • Old Swedish: bæria
  • Old Danish: bærje

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

berja

  1. indefinite genitive plural of ber (berry)

Further reading

  • Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “berja”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive