Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gabbōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Kroonen reconstructs an iterative verb *gʰHbʰnéh₂- derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂- (“to gape, be wide open”),^[1] but only the variant with a geminate -bb- in the root is actually attested in the descendants.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɣɑb.bɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*gabbōną

to joke, to mock
to laugh

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*gabbō	*gabbǭ	—	*gabbōi	?
2nd singular	*gabbōsi	*gabbōs	*gabbō	*gabbōsai	*gabbōsau
3rd singular	*gabbōþi	*gabbō	*gabbōþau	*gabbōþai	*gabbōþau
1st dual	*gabbōs	*gabbōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*gabbōþiz	*gabbōþiz	*gabbōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*gabbōmaz	*gabbōm	—	*gabbōnþai	*gabbōnþau
2nd plural	*gabbōþ	*gabbōþ	*gabbōþ	*gabbōnþai	*gabbōnþau
3rd plural	*gabbōnþi	*gabbōn	*gabbōnþau	*gabbōnþai	*gabbōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gabbōdǭ	*gabbōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*gabbōdēz	*gabbōdēdīz
3rd singular	*gabbōdē	*gabbōdēdī
1st dual	*gabbōdēdū	*gabbōdēdīw
2nd dual	*gabbōdēdudiz	*gabbōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*gabbōdēdum	*gabbōdēdīm
2nd plural	*gabbōdēdud	*gabbōdēdīd
3rd plural	*gabbōdēdun	*gabbōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*gabbōndz	*gabbōdaz

Related terms

*gapōną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *gabbōn
- Old English: *gabbian, gabban
  - Middle English: gabben
    - English: gab
      - ⇒ English: gabble (possibly borrowed from Dutch)
- Old Frisian: gabbia
  - ⇒ Saterland Frisian: gabbelje
  - West Frisian: gabbje
- Old Saxon: *gabbōn
  - Middle Low German: gabben
    - ⇒ German Low German: gabbeln
- Old Dutch: *gabbon
  - Middle Dutch: gabben
    - Dutch: gabben
      - →⇒ Swedish: begabba
      - ⇒ Dutch: gabbelen
    - ⇒ Dutch: ginnegappen, ginnegabben, ginnegaffen
Old Norse: gabba
- Icelandic: gabba
- → Old French: gaber, gaiber, jaber
  - Middle French: gaber
    - French: gaber

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*gapp/bōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 169: “*gapōn-”

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*gapp/bōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 169: “*gapōn-”

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