Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ganhuz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰengʰ- (“to stride, step”),^[1]^[2] but Kroonen rejects this derivation and treats the root as having no known etymology, also rejecting connections with Lithuanian guvus (“agile, quick”).^[3]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɣɑ̃ː.xuz/

Adjective

*ganhuz

fast, quick

Inflection

Declension of *ganhuz (u-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*ganhuz	*ganhwī	ganhų, -jatō	*ganhwijai	*ganhwijôz	*ganhwijō
accusative	*ganhwijanǭ	*ganhwijǭ	ganhų, -jatō	*ganhwijanz	*ganhwijōz	*ganhwijō
genitive	ganhwijas, ganhwīs	*ganhwijaizōz	ganhwijas, ganhwīs	*ganhwijaizǫ̂	*ganhwijaizǫ̂	*ganhwijaizǫ̂
dative	*ganhwijammai	*ganhwijaizōi	*ganhwijammai	*ganhwijaimaz	*ganhwijaimaz	*ganhwijaimaz
instrumental	*ganhwijanō	*ganhwijaizō	*ganhwijanō	*ganhwijaimiz	*ganhwijaimiz	*ganhwijaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*ganhwijô	*ganhwijǭ	*ganhwijô	*ganhwijaniz	*ganhwijōniz	*ganhwijōnō
accusative	*ganhwijanų	*ganhwijōnų	*ganhwijô	*ganhwijanunz	*ganhwijōnunz	*ganhwijōnō
genitive	*ganhwīniz	*ganhwijōniz	*ganhwīniz	*ganhwijanǫ̂	*ganhwijōnǫ̂	*ganhwijanǫ̂
dative	*ganhwīni	*ganhwijōni	*ganhwīni	*ganhwijammaz	*ganhwijōmaz	*ganhwijammaz
instrumental	*ganhwīnē	*ganhwijōnē	*ganhwīnē	*ganhwijammiz	*ganhwijōmiz	*ganhwijammiz

Derived terms

*ganhwiþō
- Proto-West Germanic: *gą̄hiþu

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *gą̄hī
- Old Frisian: gā (in gālik)
  - North Frisian: gau
  - Saterland Frisian: gau
  - West Frisian: gau
- Old Saxon: *gāh (in derivatives: gāhun, gāhlīko)
  - Middle Low German: gahens, gahes, gās
    - Low German: gau, gai
- Old Dutch: gā
  - Middle Dutch: ga
    - Dutch: gauw
      - Afrikaans: gou
    - West Flemish: gow
- Old High German: gāhi; gāhes (adverb) (presumably remodelled as a ja-stem)
  - Middle High German: gǣhe, gāch, gā; gǣhes, gāhes, gās
    - Bavarian: gach
    - German: jäh
    - Luxembourgish: géi
    - Yiddish: גיך (gikh), געך (gekh)
Gothic: *𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌴𐌹𐍃 (*gaheis)
- → Old Occitan: gai
  - → Old French: gai
    - Middle French: gai
      - French: gai
    - → Middle English: gay
      - English: gay

References

^ Marlies Philippa et al., eds., Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands, A-Z, s.v. “gauw” (Amsterdam UP, 3 Dec. 2009): [1].
^ Louis Guinet, Les emprunts gallo-romans au germanique (Paris: Klincksieck, 1982).
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*ganhu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 167f.

[1] Marlies Philippa et al., eds., Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands, A-Z, s.v. “gauw” (Amsterdam UP, 3 Dec. 2009): [1].

[2] Louis Guinet, Les emprunts gallo-romans au germanique (Paris: Klincksieck, 1982).

[3] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*ganhu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 167f.

[1]

[2]

[3]