Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/geldaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Akin to Proto-Slavic *želsti (attested only in Old Church Slavonic жлѣсти (žlěsti) and Old East Slavic желести (želesti)). If not an early borrowing from Germanic, these may be from common Proto-Indo-European *gʰeldʰ-.[1] Old Irish gell (“pledge”) may also continue the same root.[2] On the other hand, the pre-Germanic root may need to be *gʰelt- (> *gelþ-) in order to explain Old Swedish gjalla (“to repay”).[3]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɣel.dɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*geldaną[2][4]

  1. to pay
  2. to have/give value

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *geldō *geldaų — *geldai ?
2nd singular *gildizi *geldaiz *geld *geldazai *geldaizau
3rd singular *gildidi *geldai *geldadau *geldadai *geldaidau
1st dual *geldōz *geldaiw — — —
2nd dual *geldadiz *geldaidiz *geldadiz — —
1st plural *geldamaz *geldaim — *geldandai *geldaindau
2nd plural *gildid *geldaid *gildid *geldandai *geldaindau
3rd plural *geldandi *geldain *geldandau *geldandai *geldaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *gald *guldį̄
2nd singular *galst *guldīz
3rd singular *gald *guldī
1st dual *guldū *guldīw
2nd dual *guldudiz *guldīdiz
1st plural *guldum *guldīm
2nd plural *guldud *guldīd
3rd plural *guldun *guldīn
present past
participles *geldandz *guldanaz

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*geldan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 173-174
  3. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*želsti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 556–557
  4. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*ʒelđanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 130-131
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