gjalda

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse gjalda, from Proto-Germanic *geldaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeldʰ- (to pay). Cognates include English yield, German gelten, Dutch gelden, Swedish gälla, Norwegian gjelde, Icelandic gjalda and Danish gælde.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈt͡ʃalta]

Verb

gjalda (third person singular past indicative galt, third person plural past indicative guldu, supine goldið)

  1. to pay

Usage notes

Not to be mixed with galda or gelda which are partially homophonic with this verb.

Conjugation

Conjugation of (irregular)
infinitive
supine goldið
present past
first singular gjaldi galt
second singular geldur galt
third singular geldur galt
plural gjalda guldu
participle (a26)1 gjaldandi goldin
imperative
singular gjald!
plural gjaldið!

1Only the past participle being declined.

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse gjalda, from Proto-Germanic *geldaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeldʰ- (to pay). Cognates include English yield, German gelten, Dutch gelden, Swedish gälla, Norwegian gjelde, Faroese gjalda and Danish gælde.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈcalta/
    Rhymes: -alta

Verb

gjalda (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative galt, third-person plural past indicative guldu, supine goldið)

  1. to pay

Conjugation

gjalda – active voice (germynd)
infinitive nafnháttur gjalda
supine sagnbót goldið
present participle
gjaldandi
indicative
subjunctive
present
past
present
past
singular ég geld galt gjaldi gyldi
þú geldur galst gjaldir gyldir
hann, hún, það geldur galt gjaldi gyldi
plural við gjöldum guldum gjöldum gyldum
þið gjaldið gulduð gjaldið gylduð
þeir, þær, þau gjalda guldu gjaldi gyldu
imperative boðháttur
singular þú gjald (þú), gjaltu
plural þið gjaldið (þið), gjaldiði1
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
gjaldast – mediopassive voice (miðmynd)
infinitive nafnháttur að gjaldast
supine sagnbót goldist
present participle
gjaldandist (rare; see appendix)
indicative
subjunctive
present
past
present
past
singular ég gelst galst gjaldist gyldist
þú gelst galst gjaldist gyldist
hann, hún, það gelst galst gjaldist gyldist
plural við gjöldumst guldumst gjöldumst gyldumst
þið gjaldist guldust gjaldist gyldust
þeir, þær, þau gjaldast guldust gjaldist gyldust
imperative boðháttur
singular þú gjalst (þú), gjalstu
plural þið gjaldist (þið), gjaldisti1
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
goldinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension
(sterk beyging)
singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall)
goldinn goldin goldið goldnir goldnar goldin
accusative
(þolfall)
goldinn goldna goldið goldna goldnar goldin
dative
(þágufall)
goldnum goldinni goldnu goldnum goldnum goldnum
genitive
(eignarfall)
goldins goldinnar goldins goldinna goldinna goldinna
weak declension
(veik beyging)
singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall)
goldni goldna goldna goldnu goldnu goldnu
accusative
(þolfall)
goldna goldnu goldna goldnu goldnu goldnu
dative
(þágufall)
goldna goldnu goldna goldnu goldnu goldnu
genitive
(eignarfall)
goldna goldnu goldna goldnu goldnu goldnu

Derived terms

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *geldaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeldʰ- (to pay).

Verb

gjalda (singular past indicative galt, plural past indicative guldu, past participle goldinn)

  1. (ditransitive) to repay, return
    gjalda gjǫf við gjǫfto pay back gift for gift
  2. (figurative) to give
  3. to pay for, suffer on account [with genitive]

Conjugation

Conjugation of gjalda — active (strong class 3)
infinitive gjalda
present participle gjaldandi
past participle goldinn
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular geld galt gjalda gilda
2nd person singular geldr galzt gjaldir gildir
3rd person singular geldr galt gjaldi gildi
1st person plural gjǫldum guldum gjaldim gildim
2nd person plural gjaldið gulduð gjaldið gildið
3rd person plural gjalda guldu gjaldi gildi
imperative present
2nd person singular gjald
1st person plural gjǫldum
2nd person plural gjaldið
Conjugation of gjalda — mediopassive (strong class 3)
infinitive gjaldask
present participle gjaldandisk
past participle goldizk
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular gjǫldumk guldumk gjǫldumk gildumk
2nd person singular gelzk galzk gjaldisk gildisk
3rd person singular gelzk galzk gjaldisk gildisk
1st person plural gjǫldumsk guldumsk gjaldimsk gildimsk
2nd person plural gjaldizk gulduzk gjaldizk gildizk
3rd person plural gjaldask guldusk gjaldisk gildisk
imperative present
2nd person singular gjalzk
1st person plural gjǫldumsk
2nd person plural gjaldizk

Descendants

  • Icelandic: gjalda
  • Faroese: gjalda
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: gjelda; (dialectal) galda, gjedla, gjelja
  • Norwegian Bokmål: gjelde
  • Old Swedish: giælda, gialda, giælla, gælla
  • Old Danish: gialdæ

Further reading

  • Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “gjalda”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive