Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gernaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰerH-no-s, from *ǵʰerH- (“to yearn for, rejoice”). Cognate with Ancient Greek χαίρω (khaírō, “to be very glad”), Latin horior (“to encourage”), Sanskrit हर्यति (háryati, “to enjoy, like”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɣer.nɑz/

Adjective

*gernaz (adverb *gernô)

eager, willing

Inflection

Declension of *gernaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*gernaz	*gernō	*gerną, -atō	*gernai	*gernôz	*gernō
accusative	*gernanǭ	*gernǭ	*gerną, -atō	*gernanz	*gernōz	*gernō
genitive	*gernas, -is	*gernaizōz	*gernas, -is	*gernaizǫ̂	*gernaizǫ̂	*gernaizǫ̂
dative	*gernammai	*gernaizōi	*gernammai	*gernaimaz	*gernaimaz	*gernaimaz
instrumental	*gernanō	*gernaizō	*gernanō	*gernaimiz	*gernaimiz	*gernaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*gernô	*gernǭ	*gernô	*gernaniz	*gernōniz	*gernōnō
accusative	*gernanų	*gernōnų	*gernô	*gernanunz	*gernōnunz	*gernōnō
genitive	*gerniniz	*gernōniz	*gerniniz	*gernanǫ̂	*gernōnǫ̂	*gernanǫ̂
dative	*gernini	*gernōni	*gernini	*gernammaz	*gernōmaz	*gernammaz
instrumental	*gerninē	*gernōnē	*gerninē	*gernammiz	*gernōmiz	*gernammiz

Derived terms

*-gernaz (“eager for”)
- *fehugernaz (“eager for money”)
- *Friþugernaz (male given name, literally “eager for peace”)
- *lubagernaz (“eager for glory”)
*gernô
*girnijaną
*girnį̄

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *gern
- Old English: ġeorn
  - Middle English: ȝeorn, yern
    - English: yern (obsolete)
- Old Saxon: gern
- Old High German: gern, gërni
  - Middle High German: gërn, gërne
Old Norse: gjarn
- Icelandic: gjarn
- Faroese: gjarnur
- Old Swedish: giærn
>? Gothic: *𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍃 (*gairns)
→ Proto-Finnic: *kërnas (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*gerna-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 175

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*gerna-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 175

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