Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rukkōną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Pre-Germanic *Hruknéh₂-, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rewk- (“to dig up”). Cognate with Latin runcō (“to weed”, verb), Sanskrit लुञ्चति (luñcáti, “to pluck”). In addition to the above theory, Kroonen suggests a derivation from an unknown verb *rehaną, *reganą, from a putative Proto-Indo-European *Hreǵʰ- (“to touch”), and compared with Lithuanian rõžyti (“to touch, hit”), though this is speculative.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈruk.kɔː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*rukkōną[1]
- to move, move back and forth, rock
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *rukkō | *rukkǭ | — | *rukkōi | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *rukkōsi | *rukkōs | *rukkō | *rukkōsai | *rukkōsau | |
| 3rd singular | *rukkōþi | *rukkō | *rukkōþau | *rukkōþai | *rukkōþau | |
| 1st dual | *rukkōs | *rukkōw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *rukkōþiz | *rukkōþiz | *rukkōþiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *rukkōmaz | *rukkōm | — | *rukkōnþai | *rukkōnþau | |
| 2nd plural | *rukkōþ | *rukkōþ | *rukkōþ | *rukkōnþai | *rukkōnþau | |
| 3rd plural | *rukkōnþi | *rukkōn | *rukkōnþau | *rukkōnþai | *rukkōnþau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *rukkōdǭ | *rukkōdēdį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *rukkōdēz | *rukkōdēdīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *rukkōdē | *rukkōdēdī | ||||
| 1st dual | *rukkōdēdū | *rukkōdēdīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *rukkōdēdudiz | *rukkōdēdīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *rukkōdēdum | *rukkōdēdīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *rukkōdēdud | *rukkōdēdīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *rukkōdēdun | *rukkōdēdīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *rukkōndz | *rukkōdaz | ||||
Related terms
- *rakkōną
- *rukkijaną
Descendants
The original paradigm of *rukk- against *rug- allowed for different leveling among dialects.
- Proto-West Germanic: *rukkōn, *rokkōn
- Old Norse: *rukka, rugga