Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sakaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *sh₂g-, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂g- (“to seek out”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsɑ.kɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*sakaną^[1]^[2]^[3]

to charge, dispute

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 6)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*sakō	*sakaų	—	*sakai	?
2nd singular	*sakizi	*sakaiz	*sak	*sakazai	*sakaizau
3rd singular	*sakidi	*sakai	*sakadau	*sakadai	*sakaidau
1st dual	*sakōz	*sakaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*sakadiz	*sakaidiz	*sakadiz	—	—
1st plural	*sakamaz	*sakaim	—	*sakandai	*sakaindau
2nd plural	*sakid	*sakaid	*sakid	*sakandai	*sakaindau
3rd plural	*sakandi	*sakain	*sakandau	*sakandai	*sakaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*sōk	*sōkį̄
2nd singular	*sōht	*sōkīz
3rd singular	*sōk	*sōkī
1st dual	*sōkū	*sōkīw
2nd dual	*sōkudiz	*sōkīdiz
1st plural	*sōkum	*sōkīm
2nd plural	*sōkud	*sōkīd
3rd plural	*sōkun	*sōkīn

	present	past
participles	*sakandz	*sakanaz

Derived terms

*andasakaną
*gasakaną
*sahtaz
*sahtiz
*sakjaz (“guilty”)
*sakō
*sōkijaną
*sōkiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *sakan
- Old English: sacan
- Old Saxon: sakan
- Old Dutch: *sacan
  - Middle Dutch: sāken
- Old High German: sahhan
Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽 (sakan)
- → Asturian: sacar
- → Galician: sacar
- → Portuguese: sacar
- → Spanish: sacar

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “sakan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 423
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*sakanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 314
^ Seebold, Elmar (1970) “SAK-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 383

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “sakan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 423

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*sakanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 314

[3] Seebold, Elmar (1970) “SAK-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 383

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