Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/seh₂g-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*seh₂g-^[1]^[2]

to trace, follow

Alternative reconstructions

*seh₂ǵ-^[1]^[3]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *seh₂g- (21 c, 0 e)

*séh₂g-ti ~ *sh₂g-énti (athematic root present)^[1]^[4] or *sh₂g-é-ti (zero-grade thematic root present)
- Proto-Celtic: *sageti^[1]
  - Old Irish: -saig (“seeks”)
  - ⇒ Proto-Celtic: *saxtos
    - Old Irish: sachtae, -sacht
- Proto-Germanic: *sakaną (“to charge, dispute”) (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *sakō (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *sahtaz (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *sahtiz (see there for further descendants)

*séh₂g-ye-ti (ye-present)

*sh₂g-yé-ti (zero-grade ye-present)^[5]^[6]
- Proto-Albanian: *sagja
  - Albanian: gjegj (“to answer; to listen”)
- Proto-Celtic: *sagyeti (“to seek”) (see there for further descendants)

*(se-)sóh₂g-ey ~ *(se-)sh₂g-enti^[7]
- Proto-Anatolian:
  - >? Hittite: 𒊭𒀀𒀝𒆠 (ša-a-ak-ki), 𒊭𒀝𒆠 (ša-ak-ki /⁠šākki⁠/) ~ 𒊭𒃷𒍣 ([š]a-kán-zi), 𒊺𒅅𒃷𒍣 (še-ek-kán-zi), 𒊺𒃷𒍣 (še-kán-zi /⁠šakkanzi⁠/, “to know”) (or < *sekh₁-^[8])
- Proto-Celtic: *sesaxti^[9]
  - Old Irish: sïacht
  - Gaulish: sioxti
- Proto-Germanic: *sōk^[4] (see there for further descendants)

*soh₂g-éye-ti (eye-iterative)^[1]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - >? Ancient Greek: ἡγέομαι (hēgéomai, “to lead”)

*seh₂g-no-s^[10]
- >? Proto-Albanian: *sāgna (or < *h₁eyǵʰ- or *gʷʰen-)
  - Albanian: gjah m (“a hunt, chase”)
  - ⇒ Proto-Albanian: *sāgnja^[11] (+ *-ja)
    - Albanian: gjuaj (“to hunt”)

*seh₂g-ó-s^[12]
- Proto-Italic: *sāgos
  - Latin: sāgus (“prophetic”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*seh₂g⁽ˊ⁾-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN
^ Kölligan, Daniel (2017–2018) “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Proto-Indo-European, page 2248: “*seh₂g-”
^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 97: “*seh₂ǵ-”
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Müller, Stefan (2007) Zum Germanischen aus laryngaltheoretischer Sicht: Mit einer Einführung in die Grundlagen (Studia Linguistica Germanica; 88) (in German), Berlin, New York: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 287: “ger. *sak-a- präs. < *sh̥₂g⁽ʲ⁾-o-; ger. *sōk- / sōk- präs. < *sé-soh₂g⁽ʲ⁾-”
^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 555-557
^ Forschungen, Stefan, Matzinger, Joachim (2013) Die Verben des Altalbanischen: Belegwörterbuch, Vorgeschichte und Etymologie (Albanische Forschungen; 33) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 974
^ Lindeman, Fredrik Otto (1987) Introduction to the ‘Laryngeal Theory’ (Serie B: Skrifter; 74), Olso: Norwegian University Press, →ISBN, page 92: “perfect *sóH₂g-e + y”
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, / šakk-/mode/1up?view=theater page šākk-ⁱ / šakk- of 695-696
^ Blažek, Václav (2008) “Gaulish Language”, in Studia minora Facultatis philosophicae Universitatis Brunensis, number 13, Sborníku prací filozofické fakulty brněnské univerzity, pages 62–*se-sag-ti
^ Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997) Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[1] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 191: “gjúonj (Buzuku) < alb. *ȷȯn- : evtl. *seh₂g-no-”
^ Erat, Janez (2008) “gjegjem”, in Etimološki slovar albanskega jezika [Albanian Etymological Dictionary]‎^[2] (in Slovene), 2 edition, page 48: “*sāgnyō”
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*sakan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 423: “*seh₂g-o-”

[LIV-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*seh₂g⁽ˊ⁾-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN

[2] Kölligan, Daniel (2017–2018) “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Proto-Indo-European, page 2248: “*seh₂g-”

[3] Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 97: “*seh₂ǵ-”

[Muller-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Müller, Stefan (2007) Zum Germanischen aus laryngaltheoretischer Sicht: Mit einer Einführung in die Grundlagen (Studia Linguistica Germanica; 88) (in German), Berlin, New York: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 287: “ger. *sak-a- präs. < *sh̥₂g⁽ʲ⁾-o-; ger. *sōk- / sōk- präs. < *sé-soh₂g⁽ʲ⁾-”

[5] Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 555-557

[6] Forschungen, Stefan, Matzinger, Joachim (2013) Die Verben des Altalbanischen: Belegwörterbuch, Vorgeschichte und Etymologie (Albanische Forschungen; 33) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 974

[7] Lindeman, Fredrik Otto (1987) Introduction to the ‘Laryngeal Theory’ (Serie B: Skrifter; 74), Olso: Norwegian University Press, →ISBN, page 92: “perfect *sóH₂g-e + y”

[8] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, / šakk-/mode/1up?view=theater page šākk-ⁱ / šakk- of 695-696

[9] Blažek, Václav (2008) “Gaulish Language”, in Studia minora Facultatis philosophicae Universitatis Brunensis, number 13, Sborníku prací filozofické fakulty brněnské univerzity, pages 62–*se-sag-ti

[10] Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997) Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[1] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 191: “gjúonj (Buzuku) < alb. *ȷȯn- : evtl. *seh₂g-no-”

[11] Erat, Janez (2008) “gjegjem”, in Etimološki slovar albanskega jezika [Albanian Etymological Dictionary]‎^[2] (in Slovene), 2 edition, page 48: “*sāgnyō”

[12] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*sakan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 423: “*seh₂g-o-”

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