Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/slakwjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Causative of *slekwaną (“to extinguish, go out”). Seebold leaves the origin open,[1] while Orel compares Lithuanian slė́gti (“to press, squeeze”) and Latin langueo (“to be faint”), apparently considering the verb related to *slakaz (“weak, slack”).[2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈslɑkʷ.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*slakwjaną

  1. (North Germanic) (transitive) to quench, extinguish

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *slakwjō *slakwjaų — *slakwjai ?
2nd singular *slakwisi *slakwjais *slakwi *slakwjasai *slakwjaisau
3rd singular *slakwiþi *slakwjai *slakwjaþau *slakwjaþai *slakwjaiþau
1st dual *slakwjōs *slakwjaiw — — —
2nd dual *slakwjaþiz *slakwjaiþiz *slakwjaþiz — —
1st plural *slakwjamaz *slakwjaim — *slakwjanþai *slakwjainþau
2nd plural *slakwiþ *slakwjaiþ *slakwiþ *slakwjanþai *slakwjainþau
3rd plural *slakwjanþi *slakwjain *slakwjanþau *slakwjanþai *slakwjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *slakwidǭ *slakwidēdį̄
2nd singular *slakwidēz *slakwidēdīz
3rd singular *slakwidē *slakwidēdī
1st dual *slakwidēdū *slakwidēdīw
2nd dual *slakwidēdudiz *slakwidēdīdiz
1st plural *slakwidēdum *slakwidēdīm
2nd plural *slakwidēdud *slakwidēdīd
3rd plural *slakwidēdun *slakwidēdīn
present past
participles *slakwjandz *slakwidaz

Alternative reconstructions

*slakw-eja-[1]

  • *slekwaną (“to extinguish, go out”)
  • *slukwnōną (“to go out”)

Descendants

  • Old Norse: sløkkva, slekkja

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Seebold, Elmar (1970) “SLEKW-*A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 431
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*slakwjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 349
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