Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spīwaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ptēiw-, *(s)ptyēw- (“to spit, vomit”). Cognate with Latin spuō (“spit”, verb), Ancient Greek πτύω (ptúō, “spit, vomit”), Old Armenian թուք (tʻukʻ), Old Church Slavonic пльвати (plĭvati), Sanskrit ष्ठीवति (ṣṭhīvati).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈspiː.wɑ.nɑ̃/

Noun

*spīwaną[1][2]

  1. to spew, to spit

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *spīwō *spīwaų — *spīwai ?
2nd singular *spīwizi *spīwaiz *spīw *spīwazai *spīwaizau
3rd singular *spīwidi *spīwai *spīwadau *spīwadai *spīwaidau
1st dual *spīwōz *spīwaiw — — —
2nd dual *spīwadiz *spīwaidiz *spīwadiz — —
1st plural *spīwamaz *spīwaim — *spīwandai *spīwaindau
2nd plural *spīwid *spīwaid *spīwid *spīwandai *spīwaindau
3rd plural *spīwandi *spīwain *spīwandau *spīwandai *spīwaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *spaiw *spiwį̄
2nd singular *spaiwt *spiwīz
3rd singular *spaiw *spiwī
1st dual *spiwū *spiwīw
2nd dual *spiwudiz *spiwīdiz
1st plural *spiwum *spiwīm
2nd plural *spiwud *spiwīd
3rd plural *spiwun *spiwīn
present past
participles *spīwandz *spiwanaz

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*spīwan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 468
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*spīwanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 365
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