Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/upanōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*upinōną

Etymology

From *upanaz (“open”) +‎ *-ōną. Compare *uppijaną.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈu.pɑ.nɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*upanōną

to open
to lift

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*upanō	*upanǭ	—	*upanōi	?
2nd singular	*upanōsi	*upanōs	*upanō	*upanōsai	*upanōsau
3rd singular	*upanōþi	*upanō	*upanōþau	*upanōþai	*upanōþau
1st dual	*upanōs	*upanōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*upanōþiz	*upanōþiz	*upanōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*upanōmaz	*upanōm	—	*upanōnþai	*upanōnþau
2nd plural	*upanōþ	*upanōþ	*upanōþ	*upanōnþai	*upanōnþau
3rd plural	*upanōnþi	*upanōn	*upanōnþau	*upanōnþai	*upanōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*upanōdǭ	*upanōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*upanōdēz	*upanōdēdīz
3rd singular	*upanōdē	*upanōdēdī
1st dual	*upanōdēdū	*upanōdēdīw
2nd dual	*upanōdēdudiz	*upanōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*upanōdēdum	*upanōdēdīm
2nd plural	*upanōdēdud	*upanōdēdīd
3rd plural	*upanōdēdun	*upanōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*upanōndz	*upanōdaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *opanōn
- Old English: openian
  - Middle English: openen
    - English: open
    - Scots: apen
- Old Frisian: epenia
  - Saterland Frisian: epenje, eepenje
  - West Frisian: iepenje
- Old Saxon: opanōn
  - Middle Low German: ȫpenen, ōpenen, āpenen, ōpenen, öppenen, uppenen
- Old Dutch: opanon
  - Middle Dutch: ōpenen
    - Dutch: openen
      - Afrikaans: open
      - Negerhollands: open, hopo
    - Limburgish: aope
- Old High German: offanōn
  - Middle High German: offenen
    - German: öffnen
    - Yiddish: עפֿענען (efenen)
Old Norse: opna
- Icelandic: opna
- Faroese: opna
- Norwegian:
  - Norwegian Bokmål: åpne
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: opna, opne
- Old Swedish: opna, ypna
  - Swedish: öppna, (dialectal) öppten
- Old Danish: opnæ
  - Danish: åbne
- Gutnish: upne, ypne
- Scanian: obna

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*upanōjanan”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 435

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*upanōjanan”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 435

[1]