Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-óm

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology 1

Dunkel suggests o-grade of *e- + *-m (adverbial suffix).^[1]

Particle

*-óm ~ *-em^[1]

emphatic particle

Derived terms

Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-óm

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/eǵh₂óm

Descendants

Proto-Hellenic: *-on
- Ancient Greek: -ον (-on) (as in αὔριον (aúrion), σήμερον (sḗmeron))
- ⇒ Ancient Greek: -σον (-son, ending of 2sg.impv.aor.act.) (-σ- (-s-) as continuation of PIE *-si imperative^[2])
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-ám
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-ám
  - Sanskrit: -अम् (-ám) (as in अहम् (ahám), इदम् (idám), etc.)
- Proto-Iranian:
  - Avestan: -𐬇𐬨 (-ə̄m) (as in 𐬀𐬰𐬇𐬨 (azə̄m), 𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬇𐬨 (aiiə̄m), etc.)
⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-tām, *-ntām (endings of 3sg./pl.impv.med.)^[1]
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
  - Sanskrit: -ताम् (-tām), -न्ताम् (-ntām)
- Proto-Iranian:
  - Avestan: -𐬙𐬄𐬨 (-tąm), -𐬧𐬙𐬄𐬨 (-ṇtąm)
Proto-Italic: *-em (or *-im from acc.sg. of *ís^[3])
- Latin: -em (as in idem, autem, etc.)
Proto-Italic: *-om^[4]
- Osco-Umbrian: *-om
  - Oscan: -um (as in 𐌝𐌔𐌝𐌃𐌖𐌌 (ísídum, “the same”), perum (“without”))}
  - ⇒ Umbrian: -ont, -hont (as in ifont (“at the same place”)^[5])

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Suffix

*-óm

accusative singular masculine of *-ós
nominative/accusative/vocative singular neuter of *-ós

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Dunkel, George E. (2014) “*-óm, *-em 'so; gerade, genau'”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, pages 595-602
^ García Ramón, José Luis (2017–2018) “Chapter VII: Greek”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Greek, page 680
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “-dem”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 166
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “īdem, eadem, idem”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 295: “particle *-om”
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “ibī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 295: “particle -hont”

[LIPP-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Dunkel, George E. (2014) “*-óm, *-em 'so; gerade, genau'”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, pages 595-602

[2] García Ramón, José Luis (2017–2018) “Chapter VII: Greek”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Greek, page 680

[3] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “-dem”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 166

[4] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “īdem, eadem, idem”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 295: “particle *-om”

[5] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “ibī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 295: “particle -hont”

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