Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰers-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

    Root

    *bʰers-[1]

    1. top, tip, point

    Derived terms

    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰers- (19 c, 0 e)
    • *bʰars-[2] ~ *bʰors- ~ *bʰor-es- (“spike, prickle”) (possibly)
      • Albanian: bar (“grass”)
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *buras (< *bʰr̥-(e)s-)
        • Proto-Slavic: *bъrъ (“foxtail millet”) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Celtic: *bargos, *barginā (“cake, bread”)
      • Proto-Germanic: *baraz (“spiky leaves, needles of the fir or pine; awn; barley”)[3] (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Italic: *fars (see there for further descendants)
    • *bʰr̥s-ko-s or *bʰr̥s-ḱo-s
      • >? Proto-Germanic: *bruskaz (“tuft; thicket”) (or from *bʰrus-go-?)[4] (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Hellenic: *pʰərskos
        • >? Ancient Greek: *φαρσκος (*pharskos)[5]
          • Ancient Greek: φάσκος (pháskos, “tufts of moss”)
    • *bʰr̥s-t-yós
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *burštjás
        • Proto-Slavic: *bъ̃rščь (“hogweed”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *bʰr̥s-ó-s[1][6]
      • Proto-Celtic: *barros (“top, point”)[1][5] (see there for further descendants)
    • *bʰérs-ti-s ~ *bʰr̥s-tí-s[6]
      • Proto-Germanic: *burstiz (“bristle”) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰr̥štíš
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰr̥ṣṭíṣ
        • Proto-Iranian: *br̥štíš
          • Avestan: 𐬬𐬊𐬎𐬭𐬎-𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬙- (vouru-barəšt-, “northwest side of the earth”)
      • Proto-Italic: *farstjagjom[6]
        • Latin: fastīgium (“sharp point”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *bʰors-i(H)n- ~ *bʰars-i(H)n-[7]
      • *bʰors-in-óm ~ *bʰars-in-óm n
        • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baršina (see there for further descendants)
      • *bʰors-iHn-eh₂ ~ *bʰars-iHn-eh₂ f
        • Proto-Italic: *farsīnā
          • Latin: farīna (“flour”) (< *farrina)
    • *bʰórs-o-s[8]
      • Proto-Germanic: *barsaz (“pike, bass”) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Germanic: *barskaz[5]
        • Old Saxon: *barsk
    • Unsorted formations:
      • Lithuanian: brū̃sgai m pl (“underbrush”)
    Compounds
    • *bʰers-dʰh₁eti
      • *bʰros-dʰ(h₁)-o-[9] (with vowel metathesis)
        • Proto-Celtic: *brazdos
          • Old Irish: brot (“goad”) (see there for further descendants)
        • Proto-Germanic: *brazdaz, *brazdą (“edge, brim”)
          • Proto-West Germanic: *braʀd m
            • Old English: breard (“brim, margin”)
            • Old High German: brart (“edge”)
              • Middle High German: brart (“edge; board”)
          • Old Norse: *bradd
            • Elfdalian: bradd m (“edge”)
            • Icelandic: bradd n (“edge”)
            • Norwegian: bradd n (“shore, side”)
        • Proto-Germanic: *bruzdaz (“point, spike, thorn”)[10] (see there for further descendants)

    References

    References
    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*barro-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 58: “*bʰers- 'point'”
    2. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “far”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
    3. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bariz- ~ *barza-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 52
    4. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bruska-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 80
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “φάσκος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1557
    6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “fastīgō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 203: “*bʰr̥s-tí- 'top', point”
    7. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “bȍršьno”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
    8. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*barsa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 53: “*bʰors-o-”
    9. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*brazda-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 74
    10. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bruzda-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[5], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 81
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