Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂eydʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

    Possibly reanalyzed from a compound or suffixed verb *h₂éydʰh₁eti, from *h₂ey- (“to burn; fire”) +‎ *-dʰh₁- (“to put, set”, later resultative suffix), literally “to put to fire”.[2] For the root, see also *h₂éyos (“(copper?) metal, ore”), *h₂éyr̥ (“day, morning”) and Proto-Germanic *aisǭ (“fireplace”). Alternatively, the root can be identified as *h₁ay-, “to be warm, hot”,[3] but this root is also contested and poorly evidenced.

    Root

    *h₂eydʰ-[3][4][5]

    1. to ignite
    2. fire

    Derived terms

    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eydʰ- (18 c, 0 e)
    • *h₂idʰ-
      • Proto-Albanian:
        • Albanian: hith (with a preserved laryngeal?)
    • *h₂i-n-dʰ-tór (mediopassive nasal-infix present)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hindᶻdʰáy
      • ⇒? Proto-Tocharian: [Term?] (“firewood?”) (or from *h₂i-né-dʰ-ti ~ *h₂i-n-dʰ-énti)
    • *h₂éydʰ-e-ti (thematic present)
      • Proto-Hellenic: *áitʰō
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háydʰati
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Háydʰati
    • *h₂oydʰ-éye-ti (causative)
      • Proto-Germanic: *aidijaną
        • Old High German: eiten
          • Middle High German: eiten
    • *h₂éydʰ-s (root noun)
    • *h₂eydʰ-ḗr
      • Proto-Hellenic: *aitʰḗr
        • Ancient Greek: αἰθήρ (aithḗr) (see there for further descendants)
    • *h₂éydʰ-o-s
      • Proto-Celtic: *aidos or *aidu[7]
        • Proto-Brythonic:
          • Middle Breton: oaz (“ardor, jealousy”)
          • Welsh: aidd (“ardor”)
        • Old Irish: áed (“fire”)
      • Proto-Germanic: *aidaz (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Hellenic: *áitʰos
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háydʰas
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Háydʰas
    • *h₂éydʰ-os ~ *h₂éydʰ-es-
      • Proto-Hellenic: *áitʰos
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háydʰas
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Háydʰas
    • *h₂éydʰ-l̥
      • ⇒ *h₂éydʰ-l-om
        • Proto-Germanic: *ailą (see there for further descendants)
      • pre-Proto-Hellenic: *áitʰəl?
        • Proto-Hellenic: *áitʰalos
          • Ancient Greek: αἴθαλος (aíthalos) (see there for further descendants)
          • Mycenaean Greek: 𐁁𐀲𐀫 (a3-ta-ro /⁠aitʰalo-⁠/)
    • *h₂éydʰ-teh₂t-s
      • Proto-Italic: *aissāts
    • *h₂éydʰ-tu-s ~ *h₂idʰ-téw-s
      • Proto-Italic: *aissus
    • *h₂idʰ-tó-s
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hidᶻdʰás
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hiddʰás
    • *h₂éydʰ-mn̥
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háydʰma
        • Proto-Iranian: *Háydma
          • Central Iranian:
            • Avestan: 𐬀𐬉𐬯𐬨𐬀 (aēsma, “firewood”)
          • Northeastern Iranian
            • Khwarezmian: ازم (ʾzm /⁠izm⁠/)
            • Sogdian:
              Buddhist Sogdian: [script needed] (zmy /⁠zmē , zmi⁠/)
              • Yagnobi: изм (izm)
          • Southeastern Iranian
            • Pashto: هېزم (hezám) (perhaps borrowed from Persian)
          • Northwestern Iranian
            • Caspian:
            • Kurdish:
              Central Kurdish: ھێزِم (hêzim)
              Northern Kurdish: êzing, ezing, hezing, hêzing, hêzîng
              Laki: ھێمە (hême)
              Southern Kurdish: لێزمە (lêzme) (perhaps) (*hê-> *lê-)
            • Old Median:
              • Middle Median:
                • Kermanic:
                  • Ashtiani: هیمه (hīma)
                  • Zoroastrian Dari: هیزمه (hīzma) (Yazd), ایزمه (īzma) (Kerman)
                • Old Tati:
                  Old Azari: هەموم (hamum, “my firewood”)
                  • Harzani: ایزم (īzem)
                  • Karingani: ایزم (īzem)
                  • Kalasuri: ایزم (īzem)
                  • Ramandi: ایزم (īzem)
                • Talysh:
                  • North Talysh: izem (īzem)
                  • South Talysh: ایزم (īzem)
            • Zaza-Gorani:
              • Gurani: هێزمێ (hêzimê)
              • Zazaki: eyzimi, îzimi
          • Southwestern Iranian
            • Larestani: ایمه (īma/ēma)
            • Middle Persian:
              Manichaean script: 𐫙𐫏𐫖𐫃 (ʿymg /⁠ēmag⁠/)
              Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭠𐭩𐭮𐭬 (ʾysm /⁠ēsm⁠/), 𐭰𐭩𐭡𐭠 (CYBA /⁠ēzm⁠/)
    • Unsorted formations:

    References

    1. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
    2. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*aiza-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 16–17
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₂ei̯dʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 259
    4. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
    5. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
    6. ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “intsau”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 70
    7. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*aydu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 51
    8. ^ Wojciech Smoczyński (2018) “aidinti”, in Lithuanian Etymological Dictionary, Berlin, Germany: Peter Lang, →DOI, →ISBN, page 6
    9. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*aisōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 14
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