Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/jā́rd

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰā́rd, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr.

    Noun

    *jā́rd ~ *jr̥dáh n

    1. heart
      Synonym: *jr̥dáyam

    Reconstruction notes

    According to Kümmel, the Shughni form must come from the strong nominative singular *jā́rd.[1] With that in mind, it seems probable that the other Shughni-Yazghulami cognates must also come from the same form. On the other hand, the Avestan and all other Iranian descendants instead come from the zero-grade weak stem.

    Inflection

    neuter consonant stem
    singular dual plural
    nominative *jā́rd *jā́rdiH *jā́rdi
    vocative *jā́rd *jā́rdiH *jā́rdi
    accusative *jā́rd *jā́rdiH *jā́rdi
    instrumental *jr̥dáH *jr̥dbʰyā́(m) *jr̥dbʰíš
    ablative *jr̥dáh *jr̥dbʰyā́(m) *jr̥dbʰyáH
    dative *jr̥dáy *jr̥dbʰyā́(m) *jr̥dbʰyáH
    genitive *jr̥dáh *jr̥dHā́h *jr̥dáHam
    locative *jā́rd(i) *jr̥dHáw *jr̥dhú

    Descendants

    • Central Iranian:
      • Avestan: 𐬰𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛 (zərəd)
    • Southeastern Iranian:
      • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
        • Proto-Munji-Yidgha:
          • Munji: [script needed] (zil)
          • Yidgha: زل (zil)
        • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
          • Proto-Shughni-Roshani:
            • Sarikoli: zord
            • Shughni: зорд̌ (zōrδ)
          • Yazghulami: зав̌д̌ (zawδ), зав̌д (zawd), за̄в̌д (zāwd)
    • Northwestern Iranian:
      • Baluchi: زرد (zird)
      • Old Median:
        • Parthian: 𐫉𐫏𐫡𐫅 (zyrd /⁠zirδ⁠/)
    • Southwestern Iranian:
      • Middle Persian: (/⁠dil⁠/)
        Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫏𐫓 (dyl)
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (LBME)
        Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭣𐭩𐭫 (dyl)
        Psalter Pahlavi script: 𐮃𐮈𐮊𐮈
        • Lurish:
          Northern Luri: دئل (del)
          Bakhtiari: دل (del)
        • Classical Persian: دل (dil) (see there for further descendants)

    References

    1. ^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2015) “Suppletive Phenomena in Older Indo-Iranian Noun Inflection”, in Diachrony and Suppletion‎[1], Prague
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