دل

Arabic

Root
د ل ل (d l l)
9 terms

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dal.la/

Verb

دَلَّ • (dalla) I (non-past يَدُلُّ (yadullu), verbal noun دَلَالَة (dalāla))

to show, to indicate, to direct
الكتاب المقدس يدلُّنا على الطريق الصحيح. ― The Bible shows/directs us to the right path.
[+ على] to be evidence of, to be proof of, to attest to, to demonstrate, to establish, to substantiate
[+ على] to denote, to designate, to signify, to suggest
لا شكلي ولا كلامي يَدُلّان على أنّي من الطبقة العُلْيا.
Neither my way nor my speech show that I am from the upper class.

Conjugation

Conjugation of **دَلَّ** (I, geminate, a ~ u, full passive (?), verbal noun *دَلَالَة*)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					دَلَالَة dalāla
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					دَالّ dāll
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَدْلُول madlūl
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	دَلَلْتُ dalaltu	دَلَلْتَ dalalta	دَلَّ dalla	دَلَلْتُمَا dalaltumā	دَلَّا dallā	دَلَلْنَا dalalnā	دَلَلْتُمْ dalaltum	دَلُّوا dallū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	دَلَلْتُ dalaltu	دَلَلْتِ dalalti	دَلَّتْ dallat	دَلَلْتُمَا dalaltumā	دَلَّتَا dallatā	دَلَلْنَا dalalnā	دَلَلْتُنَّ dalaltunna	دَلَلْنَ dalalna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَدُلُّ ʔadullu	تَدُلُّ tadullu	يَدُلُّ yadullu	تَدُلَّانِ tadullāni	يَدُلَّانِ yadullāni	نَدُلُّ nadullu	تَدُلُّونَ tadullūna	يَدُلُّونَ yadullūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَدُلُّ ʔadullu	تَدُلِّينَ tadullīna	تَدُلُّ tadullu	تَدُلَّانِ tadullāni	تَدُلَّانِ tadullāni	نَدُلُّ nadullu	تَدْلُلْنَ tadlulna	يَدْلُلْنَ yadlulna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَدُلَّ ʔadulla	تَدُلَّ tadulla	يَدُلَّ yadulla	تَدُلَّا tadullā	يَدُلَّا yadullā	نَدُلَّ nadulla	تَدُلُّوا tadullū	يَدُلُّوا yadullū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَدُلَّ ʔadulla	تَدُلِّي tadullī	تَدُلَّ tadulla	تَدُلَّا tadullā	تَدُلَّا tadullā	نَدُلَّ nadulla	تَدْلُلْنَ tadlulna	يَدْلُلْنَ yadlulna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَدُلَّ, أَدُلِّ, أَدْلُلْ ʔadulla, ʔadulli, ʔadlul	تَدُلَّ, تَدُلِّ, تَدْلُلْ tadulla, tadulli, tadlul	يَدُلَّ, يَدُلِّ, يَدْلُلْ yadulla, yadulli, yadlul	تَدُلَّا tadullā	يَدُلَّا yadullā	نَدُلَّ, نَدُلِّ, نَدْلُلْ nadulla, nadulli, nadlul	تَدُلُّوا tadullū	يَدُلُّوا yadullū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَدُلَّ, أَدُلِّ, أَدْلُلْ ʔadulla, ʔadulli, ʔadlul	تَدُلِّي tadullī	تَدُلَّ, تَدُلِّ, تَدْلُلْ tadulla, tadulli, tadlul	تَدُلَّا tadullā	تَدُلَّا tadullā	نَدُلَّ, نَدُلِّ, نَدْلُلْ nadulla, nadulli, nadlul	تَدْلُلْنَ tadlulna	يَدْلُلْنَ yadlulna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		دُلَّ, دُلِّ, اُدْلُلْ dulla, dulli, udlul		دُلَّا dullā			دُلُّوا dullū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		دُلِّي dullī		دُلَّا dullā			اُدْلُلْنَ udlulna

passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	دُلِلْتُ duliltu	دُلِلْتَ dulilta	دُلَّ dulla	دُلِلْتُمَا duliltumā	دُلَّا dullā	دُلِلْنَا dulilnā	دُلِلْتُمْ duliltum	دُلُّوا dullū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	دُلِلْتُ duliltu	دُلِلْتِ dulilti	دُلَّتْ dullat	دُلِلْتُمَا duliltumā	دُلَّتَا dullatā	دُلِلْنَا dulilnā	دُلِلْتُنَّ duliltunna	دُلِلْنَ dulilna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُدَلُّ ʔudallu	تُدَلُّ tudallu	يُدَلُّ yudallu	تُدَلَّانِ tudallāni	يُدَلَّانِ yudallāni	نُدَلُّ nudallu	تُدَلُّونَ tudallūna	يُدَلُّونَ yudallūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُدَلُّ ʔudallu	تُدَلِّينَ tudallīna	تُدَلُّ tudallu	تُدَلَّانِ tudallāni	تُدَلَّانِ tudallāni	نُدَلُّ nudallu	تُدْلَلْنَ tudlalna	يُدْلَلْنَ yudlalna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُدَلَّ ʔudalla	تُدَلَّ tudalla	يُدَلَّ yudalla	تُدَلَّا tudallā	يُدَلَّا yudallā	نُدَلَّ nudalla	تُدَلُّوا tudallū	يُدَلُّوا yudallū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُدَلَّ ʔudalla	تُدَلِّي tudallī	تُدَلَّ tudalla	تُدَلَّا tudallā	تُدَلَّا tudallā	نُدَلَّ nudalla	تُدْلَلْنَ tudlalna	يُدْلَلْنَ yudlalna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُدَلَّ, أُدَلِّ, أُدْلَلْ ʔudalla, ʔudalli, ʔudlal	تُدَلَّ, تُدَلِّ, تُدْلَلْ tudalla, tudalli, tudlal	يُدَلَّ, يُدَلِّ, يُدْلَلْ yudalla, yudalli, yudlal	تُدَلَّا tudallā	يُدَلَّا yudallā	نُدَلَّ, نُدَلِّ, نُدْلَلْ nudalla, nudalli, nudlal	تُدَلُّوا tudallū	يُدَلُّوا yudallū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُدَلَّ, أُدَلِّ, أُدْلَلْ ʔudalla, ʔudalli, ʔudlal	تُدَلِّي tudallī	تُدَلَّ, تُدَلِّ, تُدْلَلْ tudalla, tudalli, tudlal	تُدَلَّا tudallā	تُدَلَّا tudallā	نُدَلَّ, نُدَلِّ, نُدْلَلْ nudalla, nudalli, nudlal	تُدْلَلْنَ tudlalna	يُدْلَلْنَ yudlalna

Baluchi

Etymology

From Classical Persian (dil), from Proto-Iranian *jā́rd, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰā́rd, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr.

Compare Avestan 𐬰𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛 (zərəd), old Mazanderani زیله (zila) Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya), Armenian սիրտ (sirt), and English heart.

Doublet of , which was inherited.

Noun

دل • (dil)

(anatomy) heart
Synonym: زرد (zird)

Derived terms

دلبر (dilbar, “sweetheart, beloved”)
دلکهر (dilkahr, “heartbroken”)
زنده‌دل (zinda-dil, “lively”)
شیردل (šérdel, “brave”)

Gujarati

Noun

دل • (dil) n

Lisan ud-Dawat spelling of દિલ (dil)

Laki

Noun

دل (dil)

heart

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *til (“tongue; language”).

Alternative forms

دیل (dil)

Noun

دل • (dil)

tongue (organ)
anything shaped like a tongue
1. (geography) spit, promontory
2. tenon
tongue (language)
a prisoner taken to gain information

Derived terms

دل باغی (dil bağı, “frenulum”)
دل بالغی (dil balığı, “kind of flatfish”)
دلجك (dilcik, “clitoris”)
صیغیر دلی (sığır dili, “bugloss”)

Descendants

Turkish: dil

Etymology 2

From Classical Persian (dil).

Noun

دل • (dil)

heart (organ)
Synonyms: یورك (yürek), قلب (kalb)
(figurative) heart, courage; mind, feelings
Synonym: گوڭل (göñül)

Descendants

Turkish: dil

References

Kélékian, Diran (1911) “دل”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[1] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 600
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “dil1”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “dil2”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Redhouse, James W. (1890) “دل”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[2], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 910

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐭣𐭩𐭫 (dyl /⁠dil⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *jā́rd, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰā́rd, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr; with a regular phonetic shift *ȷ́ŕ̥d- > *dŕ̥d > *dŕ̥l > dil. For the phonetic change, compare (gol) and (sâlâr).

Cognates with Parthian 𐫉𐫏𐫡𐫅 (zyrd /⁠zirδ⁠/), Avestan 𐬰𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛 (zərəd), old Mazanderani زیله (zila), Northern Kurdish dil, Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya), Armenian սիրտ (sirt), Pashto زړه (zrë,zra) and English heart.

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈdil/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪ɪl]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d̪ɪl]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d̪il̥]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪el̥]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪il]

Readings
Classical reading^?	dil
Dari reading^?	dil
Iranian reading^?	del
Tajik reading^?	dil

Audio (Dari): (file)
Audio (Iran): (file)

Noun


Iranian Persian	دل
Dari	دل
Tajik	дил

دِل • (del) (plural دل‌ها)

(original sense, now less common) heart
Synonym: (now more common) قلب (qalb)
(now common) stomach
― del-am dard mi-konad ― I have a stomachache
mind; (figurative) the heart (as the seat of emotion)
― del-am šekast ― my heart is broken

ziyâd gorosne nistam, ammâ del-am mi-xâhad čizi boxoram.
I am not very hungry, but I feel like eating something.
(literally, “I am not very hungry, but my heart wants me to eat something.”)
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1543:
  برق خندد بر که میخندد بگو
  بر کسی که دل نهد بر نور او
  barq xandad bar ki mē-xandad bi-gō
  bar kasē ki dil nihad bar nūr-i ō
  The lightning laughs: say, at whom is it laughing?
  At him that sets his heart upon its light.
  (Classical Persian transliteration)
courage

Derived terms

اهل دل (ahl-e del)
بزدل (bozdel)
دل دادن (del dâdan)
دلاور (delâvar)
- دلیر (dalir)
دلباخته (delbâxte)
دلبر (delbar)
دلتنگ (deltang)
دلداده (deldâde)
دلدار (deldâr)
دلربا (delrobâ)
دلسوز (delsuz)
دلهره (delhore)
شیردل (širdel)
همدل (hamdel)
یکدل (yekdel)

Descendants

→ Old Azari: دل (dil, dul)
→ Azerbaijani: dil
→ Baluchi: دل (dil)
→ Bengali: দিল (dil)
→ Chagatai: دل
- Uyghur: دىل (dil)
- Uzbek: dil
→ Gilaki: دل (dil)
→ Gujarati: દિલ (dil)
Lisan ud-Dawat Gujarati: دل (dil)
→ Harzani: دل (del)
→ Old Hindi: दिल (dila)
- Hindustani: dil
  Hindi: दिल
  Urdu: دِل (dil)
→ Judeo-Tat: дуьл (dyl)
→ Central Kurdish: دڵ (dill)
→ Northern Kurdish: dil
→ Southern Kurdish: دڵ (dill)
→ Kyrgyz: дил (dil)
→ Laki: دڵ (dill), دل (dil)
→ Maithili: dil
Devanagari script: दिल

Tirhuta script: 𑒠𑒱𑒪
→ Marathi: दिल (dil)
→ Marwari: दिल (dil)
→ Mazanderani: دل (del)
→ Nepali: दिल (dil)
→ Odia: ଦିଲ (dila)
→ Old Punjabi: ਦਿਲੁ (dilu)
- Punjabi: dil
  Gurmukhi script: ਦਿਲ
  Shahmukhi script: دِل
→ Ottoman Turkish: دل
- Turkish: dil
→ Sindhi:
Arabic script: دِلُ

Devanagari script: दिलु
→ Northern Talysh: dıl (del)
→ Southern Talysh: دیل (dil /⁠dīl⁠/), دل (dıl /⁠del⁠/)
→ Turkmen: dil
→ Yagnobi: дил (dil)

Punjabi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian (dil). First attested as Old Punjabi ਦਿਲੁ (dilu).

Noun

دِل • (dil) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਦਿਲ)

Declension

Declension of دل
	singular	plural
direct	دِل (dil)	دِل (dil)
oblique	دِل (dil)	دِلاں (dilāṉ)
vocative	دِلا (dilā)	دِلو (dilo)
ablative	دِلوں (diloṉ)	دِلاں (dilāṉ)
locative	دِلے (dile)	دِلِیں (dilīṉ)
instrumental	دِلوں (diloṉ)	–

Sindhi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian (dil).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [d̪ɪlɪ]

Noun

دِلِ • (dili) f (Devanagari दिलि)

References

Khānu, Balocu (1960–1988) “دِلِ”, in Jāmiʻ Sindhī lughāta (in Sindhi), Hyderabad, Sindh: Sindhī Adabī Borḍ

South Levantine Arabic

Root
د ل ل
2 terms

Etymology

From Arabic دَلَّ (dalla).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dall/, [dal]
Audio (al-Lidd): (file)

Verb

دلّ • (dall) I (present بدلّ (bidill))

to guide, to direct, to indicate
Synonyms: أرشد (ʔaršad), أشر (ʔaššar)

Conjugation

Conjugation of دل
		singular			plural
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
past	m	دلّيت (dallēt)	دلّيت (dallēt)	دلّ (dall)	دلّينا (dallēna)	دلّيتو (dallētu)	دلّو (dallu)
past	f	دلّيت (dallēt)	دلّيتي (dallēti)	دلّت (dallat)	دلّينا (dallēna)	دلّيتو (dallētu)	دلّو (dallu)
present	m	بدلّ (badill)	بتدلّ (bitdill)	بدلّ (bidill)	مندلّ (mindill)	بتدلّو (bitdillu)	بدلّو (bidillu)
present	f	بدلّ (badill)	بتدلّي (bitdilli)	بتدلّ (bitdill)	مندلّ (mindill)	بتدلّو (bitdillu)	بدلّو (bidillu)
subjunctive	m	ادلّ (adill)	تدلّ (tdill)	يدلّ (ydill)	ندلّ (ndill)	تدلّو (tdillu)	يدلّو (ydillu)
subjunctive	f	ادلّ (adill)	تدلّي (tdilli)	تدلّ (tdill)	ندلّ (ndill)	تدلّو (tdillu)	يدلّو (ydillu)
imperative	m		دلّ (dill)			دلّو (dillu)
imperative	f		دلّي (dilli)			دلّو (dillu)

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian (dil). First attested in c. 1265 as Old Hindi دل (dl) and later as Middle Hindi دل (dl).^[1]

Pronunciation

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /d̪ɪl/
Audio (Pakistan): (file)
Rhymes: -ɪl

Noun

دِل • (dil) m (Hindi spelling दिल)

(anatomy) heart
Synonym: قلب (qalb)
mind; conscience
Synonyms: من (man), دماغ (dimāġ)
mind; imagination
attention
(figuratively) wish

Declension

Declension of دل
	singular	plural
direct	دِل (dil)	دِل (dil)
oblique	دِل (dil)	دِلوں (dilõ)
vocative	دِل (dil)	دِلو (dilo)

References

^ “دل”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.

Arabic

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Baluchi

Etymology

Noun

Derived terms

Gujarati

Noun

Laki

Noun

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

Noun

Derived terms

Descendants

Etymology 2

Noun

Descendants

References

Persian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Descendants

Punjabi

Etymology

Noun

Declension

Sindhi

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

References

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Urdu

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

References

Further reading