Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/qubi

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *qubi (Blust, 2008)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /qubi/

Noun

*qubi

The purple yam, Dioscorea alata.

Descendants

Celebic:
- Kaili–Pamona:
  - Lindu: uwi
  - Pamona: uwi
- Saluan–Banggai:
  - Balantak: ui
- Tomini–Tolitoli:
  - Totoli: ubi
Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *qubi
- Central Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Central Maluku:
    - Boano (Maluku): ubi
    - Buru (Indonesia): obit
    - Taliabu:
      - Soboyo: ofe
    - Watubela: kuwi
  - Selaru:
    - Selaru: uh, uhire
  - Sumba–Flores:
    - Bima: uwi
    - Sumba–Manggarai:
      - Li'o: uwi
      - Manggarai: uwi
      - Ngadha: uvi
  - Timor–Babar:
    - Ili'uun: uhi
    - Termanu: ufi
- Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *qubi
  - Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:
    - Buli (Indonesia): up
    - Kowiai: uf
    - Waropen: uwi
  - Proto-Oceanic: *qupi
    - Admiralty Islands:
      - Manus:
        East:
        Leipon: uh
      - Southeast:
        Nauna: kuh
        Penchal: kup
    - Central-Eastern Oceanic:
      - Central Pacific: *quvi
        Fijian: uvi
        Proto-Polynesian: *qufi
        Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:
        Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
        Marquesic:
        Hawaiian: uhi
        Mangarevan: uʻi
        Marquesan:
        North Marquesan: uhi
        South Marquesan: ufi
        Rapa Nui: uhi
        Tahitic:
        Cook Islands Maori:
        Mangaian: u‘i
        Mitiaro: o‘i
        Rarotongan: u‘i
        Tongarevan: uhi
        French Polynesia:
        Tuamotuan: uhi
        Tahitian: ufi
        New Zealand Maori–Moriori:
        Maori: uwhi, uhi
        Moriori: uwhi
        Samoic–Outlier:
        Ellicean:
        Luangiua: ʔusi
        Nukuoro: uhi
        Sikaiana: uhi
        Takuu: ufi, ufi
        Tuvaluan: ufi
        Futunic:
        Anuta: upi
        Emae: ufi
        East Futuna: 'ufi
        Futuna-Aniwa: ufi
        Mele-Fila: ufi
        Pukapukan: uwi
        Tikopia: ufi
        West Uvean: ufi
        Samoic:
        Niuatoputapu: ufi
        Samoan: ufi
        Tokelauan: ufi
        Tongic:
        Niuafo'ou: ʻufi
        Niuean: ufi
        Tongan: ʻufi
        Rotuman: ʻuhi
      - Southeast Solomonic:
        Bugotu–Gela:
        Bughotu: uvi
        Gela: uvi
        Malaita–Makira:
        Makira:
        Arosi: uhi
        Bauro:
        Haununu: a-uhi
        Malaita:
        Kwaio: ufi
        Sa'a: uhi
      - Southern Oceanic:
        Central Vanuatu:
        Epi:
        Bierebo: yuwi
        Malakula:
        Avava: o-ovi
        Namakura: ʔuw
        South Vanuatu:
        Sie: n-up
        Ura (Vanuatu): n-up
    - Western Oceanic:
      - Meso-Melanesian:
        Northwest Solomonic:
        Nehan–Bougainville:
        Papapana: na-uvi
        New Georgia:
        Simbo: uvi
        St. George:
        Tolai: up
        Willaumez:
        Nakanai: la-huvi
      - Papuan Tip:
        Are:
        Gapapaiwa: kuvi
        Kilivila–Masima:
        Kilivila: kuvi
Greater Barito:
- East Barito:
  - Malagasy: ovy
- Sama-Bajaw:
  - Mapun: ubi
  - West Coast Bajau: ubi
  - Yakan: ubi
- West Barito:
  - Ngaju: owi
Kayanic:
- Rejang Kayan: uve'
Lampungic
- Lampung Api: hubi
Land Dayak:
- Bidayuh–Rejang:
  - Rejang: ꥆꥈꥀꤷꥊ (uabai)
Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan: *hubi
- Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa:
  - Balinese: ᬳᬸᬩᬶ (ubi)
  - Sasak: ubi
- Proto-Malayo-Chamic: *hubi
  - Proto-Chamic: *hubɛy
    - Acehnese: ubi
    - Coastal Chamic:
      - Haroi: aphui
      - Cham:
        Eastern Cham: ꨨꨝꨬ (habei)
        Western Cham: pay
    - Highlands Chamic:
      - Chru–Northern Chamic:
        Chru: həbei
        Northern Chamic:
        Northern Roglai: habuəi
        Tsat: phai¹¹
      - Bih: ubei
      - Jarai: hbơi
      - Rade: hbei
  - Proto-Malayic: *hubi
    - Banjarese: hubi
    - West Bornean Malayic
      - Ibanic
        Iban: ubi
        Keninjal: ubi
        Mualang: ubi
        Seberuang: ubi
      - Western Malayic Dayak
        Kendayan: ubi
    - Nuclear Malayic
      - Malay: ubi
        Indonesian: ubi
      - Brunei Malay: ubi
      - Kedah Malay: ubi
      - Central Malay: ubi
      - Minangkabau: ubi
      - Negeri Sembilan Malay: ubi
      - Pattani Malay: อูบี (ubi)
    - Urak Lawoi': ฮูบี (hubi)
- Sundanese: ᮠᮥᮝᮤ (huwi)
Moklenic:
- Moken: koboi
North Borneo:
- Central Sarawak:
  - Central Melanau: ubey
- Proto-North Sarawak:
  - Berawan–Lower Baram:
    - Bintulu: ubey
    - Dali': ubay
  - Dayic:
    - Kelabit: ubih
    - Lun Bawang: ubih
  - Kenyah:
    - Bakung: ubi
Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:
- Batak:
  - Toba Batak: ᯥᯅᯪ (ubi)
- Gayo: ubi
Old Javanese: huwi
- Javanese: ꦲꦸꦮꦶ (uwi)
Proto-Philippine: *qubi
- Batanic:
  - Ibatan: ovi
  - Yami: uvi
- Central Luzon:
  - Sambalic:
    - Abenlen Ayta: obi
    - Bolinao: úbi
- Greater Central Philippine:
  - Central Philippine:
    - Bikol:
      - Bikol Central: úbi
    - Tagalog: úbe, úbi
    - Mansakan:
      - Tagakaulu Kalagan: ubi
    - Visayan:
      - Asi:
        Asi: úbi
      - Cebu:
        Cebuano: úbi
      - Central:
        Masbatenyo: úbi
        Romblomanon: 'ūbi
      - South:
        Tausug: ubi
      - West:
        Aklanon: úbi
  - Danao:
    - Maranao: obi
  - Gorontalo–Mongondow:
    - Lolak: ubi
    - Mongondow: ubi
  - Manobo:
    - Obo Manobo: 'uvi'
    - Western Bukidnon Manobo: uvi
  - Palawanic:
    - Brooke's Point Palawano: ubi
    - Central Tagbanwa: kuvi
  - South Mangyan:
    - Hanunoo: úbi
- Kalamian:
  - Agutaynen: obi
  - Calamian Tagbanwa: kubi, kuw̓i
- Minahasan:
  - Tontemboan: uwi
- Northern Luzon:
  - Ilocano: úbi
  - Cagayan Valley:
    - Isnag: úbi
    - Itawit: úbi
    - Yogad: úbi
  - Meso-Cordilleran:
    - Central Cordilleran:
      - Central Bontoc: úbi
      - Kankanaey: úbi
      - Tuwali Ifugao: ubi
    - Southern Cordilleran:
      - Keley-I Kallahan: ubi
      - Pangasinan: ubí
  - Northeastern Luzon:
    - Casiguran Dumagat Agta: ubí
    - Dupaningan Agta: ubi
- South Mindanao (Bilic):
  - Tboli: ubi
  - Tiruray: 'ubi
Proto-South Sulawesi:
- Tae': ui

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Descendants

Further reading