Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/ɢʷra

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology 1

Reconstruction

A rather isolated word within Sino-Tibetan; only attested in Tibetan and Chinese.

Schuessler (2024) notes that, while 樺's phonetic 華 had once written words with *wr- (equivalent ordinarily to voiced labiouvulars followed by *-r- in Baxter-Sagart's system), 樺 was attested late when *wr‑ and *gwr‑ had merged into Han *ɣw-.[1] So 樺 and གྲོ་ག (gro ga) can also descend from *gʷra.

Noun

*ɢʷra

  1. birch
Descendants
  • Chinese: 樺 / 桦 (OC *N-qʷʰˤra(-s) (B-S)) (see there for further descendants)
  • Bodish
    • Tibetic
      • Tibetan: གྲོ་ག (gro ga, “birch, birch bark”)

Etymology 2

Reconstruction

  • Proto-Sino-Tibetan:
    • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *s-wa (Matisoff, 2003; STEDT)

Verb

*ɢʷra

  1. to go

Descendants

  • Chinese: 于 (OC /*ɢʷ(r)a/ (B-S)) (Classical)
  • Proto-Bodish: *(gʷ)ra
  • Lolo-Burmese
  • Jingpho-Asakian
    • Jingpho: wa (“to be in motion, become”)
  • Proto-Central Naga: *wa
  • Proto-Tangkhulic: *wa
    • Tangkhul Naga: va
  • Chepangic
    • Chepang: वाह्‌सा
  • Kho-Bwa
    • Proto-Western Kho-Bwa: *ɢrʷa

References

  1. ^ Schuessler, Axel (2024) “Sino-Tibetan *w in Tibetan and Old Chinese”, in Language and Linguistics, volume 25, number 1, →DOI, page 91 of 80–122
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