Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čьto

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

*čь

Etymology

From *čь +‎ *-to, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ki, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷid (“what”) (cf. *kʷís).^[1] Cognate with Lithuanian ki̇̀tas (“another, next”) and Latvian cits (“other, different”).

Pronoun

*čьto

what (interrogative)

Declension

Declension of *čьto (pronominal, irregular)
All numbers	Masc./Fem.	Neuter
Nominative	*kъto	*čьto
Accusative	*kъto	*čьto
Genitive	*kogo	*česo
Locative	*komь	*čemь
Dative	*komu	*čemu
Instrumental	*cěmь	*čimь

Derived terms

*něčьto
*ničьto, *ničь

Related terms

*kъto

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: чьто (čĭto)
  - Old Ruthenian: што (što), що (ščo), счо (sčo), что (čto)
    - Belarusian: што (što), чо (čo) (nonstandard, contraction of genitive), шо (šo) (nonstandard)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: што (što)
    - Ukrainian: що (ščo), шо (šo) (most western and some dialects of central Ukraine), што (što) (some dialects of western Ukraine), чо (čo) (nonstandard, contraction of genitive)
  - Russian: что (što), чё (čo) (nonstandard, contraction of genitive), чо (čo) (nonstandard, contraction of genitive), шо (šo) (nonstandard)
- Old Novgorodian: цьто (ćĭto), цето (ćeto), цто (ćto)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: чьто (čĭto)
  
  Glagolitic: ⱍⱐⱅⱁ (čĭto)
- Bulgarian: що (što)
- Macedonian: што (što)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: (Štokavian) што̏, шта̏, (Čakavian) ча̏ (< *čь)
  
  Latin: (Štokavian) štȍ, štȁ, (Čakavian) čȁ (< *čь)
West Slavic:
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: što

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*čьto”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 94