Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čuvati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kowh₁éh₂yeti from *(s)kewh₁-. By surface analysis, *čuti +‎ *-vati. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *skawwōną (“to watch”).

Verb

*čuvati impf (perfective *čuti)^[1]

(intransitive) to be vigilant
(transitive) to heed, to hear

Conjugation

Conjugation of *čuvati, *čuva, *čuvajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*čuvanьje	*čuvati	*čuvatъ	*čuvalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*čuvanъ	*čuvajemъ
Active	*čuvavъ	*čuvaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*čuvaxъ	*čuva	*čuva	*čuvajǫ	*čuvaješi	*čuvajetь
Dual	*čuvaxově	*čuvasta	*čuvaste	*čuvajevě	*čuvajeta	*čuvajete
Plural	*čuvaxomъ	*čuvaste	*čuvašę	*čuvajemъ	*čuvajete	*čuvajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*čuvaaxъ	*čuvaaše	*čuvaaše	—	*čuvaji	*čuvaji
Dual	*čuvaaxově	*čuvaašeta	*čuvaašete	*čuvajivě	*čuvajita	—
Plural	*čuvaaxomъ	*čuvaašete	*čuvaaxǫ	*čuvajimъ	*čuvajite	—

Related terms

*čujati
*čuxati

Descendants

South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: чу́вам (čúvam, “to hear”)
- Macedonian: чува (čuva, “to heed, to guard”)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: чу́вати
  
  Latin script: čúvati
- Slovene: čūvati (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Kashubian: czuwac
- Polish: czuwać
- Slovincian: czùwac

References

^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “čuvati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *čuva̋ti”

[1] Snoj, Marko (2016) “čuvati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *čuva̋ti”

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