Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čuxati
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
Onomatopoeic, from *čuxъ (“growl, puff”) + *-ati. Possibly reflecting a s-mobile root Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew-, akin to Proto-West Germanic *skiuhijan (“to dread, to shun”).
According to Bezlaj, possibly overlapping with Proto-Slavic *ťuxati (“to pant, to wail”).
Verb
*čuxati impf (perfective *čuxnǫti)
- to emit low-pitch noise, to choo
- to growl, to grouch, to bark (for animal, person)
- (by extension) to shoo, to drive away
Conjugation
Conjugation of *čuxati, *čuxa, *čuxajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *čuxanьje | *čuxati | *čuxatъ | *čuxalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *čuxanъ | *čuxajemъ |
| Active | *čuxavъ | *čuxaję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *čuxaxъ | *čuxa | *čuxa | *čuxajǫ | *čuxaješi | *čuxajetь |
| Dual | *čuxaxově | *čuxasta | *čuxaste | *čuxajevě | *čuxajeta | *čuxajete |
| Plural | *čuxaxomъ | *čuxaste | *čuxašę | *čuxajemъ | *čuxajete | *čuxajǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *čuxaaxъ | *čuxaaše | *čuxaaše | — | *čuxaji | *čuxaji |
| Dual | *čuxaaxově | *čuxaašeta | *čuxaašete | *čuxajivě | *čuxajita | — |
| Plural | *čuxaaxomъ | *čuxaašete | *čuxaaxǫ | *čuxajimъ | *čuxajite | — |
Derived terms
- *čuxalъ (“owl”)
- Bulgarian: чу́хал (čúhal, “scops owl”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Russian: чу́хать (čúxatʹ, “to shoo, to drive away”)
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: чу́хам (čúham), probably кю́хам (kjúham, “to growl, to bark”) (dialectal)
- Slovene: čúhati (“to blow, to woo”) (dialectal)
Further reading
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “кюхам²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 258: от звукоподражателна основа
Etymology 2
From *čuxъ (“feeling, scent”) + *-ati, an s-extension of Proto-Slavic *čuti (“to sense, to hear”).
Traditionally compared by early scholars with Proto-Germanic *hauzijaną (“to hear”), Ancient Greek ἀκούω (akoúō, “to hear”) (nowadays commonly derived from unrelated Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱh₂owsyéti (“to be sharp-eared”)).
Verb
*čuxati impf (perfective *čuxnǫti)
- to sense, to smell
- to comprehend
- (reflexive) (+ *sę) to feel oneself
Conjugation
Conjugation of *čuxati, *čuxa, *čuxajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *čuxanьje | *čuxati | *čuxatъ | *čuxalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *čuxanъ | *čuxajemъ |
| Active | *čuxavъ | *čuxaję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *čuxaxъ | *čuxa | *čuxa | *čuxajǫ | *čuxaješi | *čuxajetь |
| Dual | *čuxaxově | *čuxasta | *čuxaste | *čuxajevě | *čuxajeta | *čuxajete |
| Plural | *čuxaxomъ | *čuxaste | *čuxašę | *čuxajemъ | *čuxajete | *čuxajǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *čuxaaxъ | *čuxaaše | *čuxaaše | — | *čuxaji | *čuxaji |
| Dual | *čuxaaxově | *čuxaašeta | *čuxaašete | *čuxajivě | *čuxajita | — |
| Plural | *čuxaaxomъ | *čuxaašete | *čuxaaxǫ | *čuxajimъ | *čuxajite | — |
Related terms
- *čujati (“to comprehend”)
- *čuvati (“to hear”)
- *čutiti (“to scent”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- Slovene: čȗhati (“to feel”), čóhati (“to stink”)
- East Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “чухать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*čuxati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 130