Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čuti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Seemingly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kéwh₁-ye-ti, from *(s)kewh₁- (“to perceive”).^[1] LIV presumes an original s-aorist (of Narten type) with secondary ye-present.

Descendants do not show agreement regarding the aspect:

Eastern South Slavic (including Old Church Slavonic) evinces for perfective aspect.
West and East Slavic point towards imperfective.
Western South Slavic admits both.

Verb

*čùti pf or impf^[1]^[2]^[3]

to sense
to feel

Conjugation

South Slavic:

Conjugation of *čuti, *ču, *čujetь (perf., -V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*čutьje	*čuti	*čutъ	*čulъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*čutъ	—
Active	*čuvъ	—

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*čuxъ	*ču	*ču	*čujǫ	*čuješi	*čujetь
Dual	*čuxově	*čusta	*čuste	*čujevě	*čujeta	*čujete
Plural	*čuxomъ	*čuste	*čušę	*čujemъ	*čujete	*čujǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	—	—	—	—	*čuji	*čuji
Dual	—	—	—	*čujivě	*čujita	—
Plural	—	—	—	*čujimъ	*čujite	—

In perfective verbs, present expresses future

Northern Slavic and secondary in Western South Slavic:

Conjugation of *čuti, *ču, *čujetь (impf., -V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*čutьje	*čuti	*čutъ	*čulъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*čutъ	*čujemъ
Active	*čuvъ	*čuję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*čuxъ	*ču	*ču	*čujǫ	*čuješi	*čujetь
Dual	*čuxově	*čusta	*čuste	*čujevě	*čujeta	*čujete
Plural	*čuxomъ	*čuste	*čušę	*čujemъ	*čujete	*čujǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*čujaaxъ	*čujaaše	*čujaaše	—	*čuji	*čuji
Dual	*čujaaxově	*čujaašeta	*čujaašete	*čujivě	*čujita	—
Plural	*čujaaxomъ	*čujaašete	*čujaaxǫ	*čujimъ	*čujite	—

Derived terms

*čudlo (“sense”)
*čutьje (“perception”)
*čutьnъ (“sensuous, sensible”)
*čutъkъ (“attentive, careful”)
- *čutъka (“indication, something perceived”)
*čuvьstvo (“feeling, sense”)

Related terms

*čuxati (“to grasp, to get a sense of”)
*čujati (“to comprehend (with the senses)”)
*čujьnъ (“sensible, sensuous”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: чути (čuti)
  - Belarusian: чуць (čucʹ)
  - Russian: чуть (čutʹ), чу́ять (čújatʹ)
  - Ukrainian: чу́ти (čúty), чу́яти (čújaty)
- Old Novgorodian: цюти (ćjuti)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: чоути (čuti)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⱍⱆⱅⰻ (čuti)
- Bulgarian: чу́я (čúja)
- Macedonian: чуе (čue)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: чу̏ти
  
  Latin script: čȕti
- Slovene: čúti (tonal orthography) (archaic)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: čúti
  - Czech: čít
- Old Polish: czuć
  - Polish: czuć
  - Silesian: czuć
- Old Slovak:
  - Pannonian Rusyn: чуц (čuc)
  - Slovak: čuť
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: czëc
  - Slovincian: czùc
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: čuć
  - Lower Sorbian: cuś

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Snoj, Marko (2016) “čuti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *čűti, sed. *čűjǫ”
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*čùti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 91: “v. (a) ‘sense, feel, notice’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “čuti: čujǫ čujetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 204, 246; PR 133; MP 23, 27)”

Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “чу́ю”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “чуять”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 397
Cejtlin, R.M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, E., editors (1994), “чоути”, in Старославянский словарь (по рукописям X—XI веков) [Old Church Slavonic Dictionary (Based on 10–11th Century Manuscripts)] (overall work in Russian), Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 786
Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*čuti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 134

[SES-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Snoj, Marko (2016) “čuti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *čűti, sed. *čűjǫ”

[2] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*čùti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 91: “v. (a) ‘sense, feel, notice’”

[3] Olander, Thomas (2001) “čuti: čujǫ čujetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 204, 246; PR 133; MP 23, 27)”

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