Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/jętry

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *jenˀtē, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁yénh₂tēr. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian jéntė (17th century), i̇̀ntė (Eastern dialectal), Latvian ìetere, iẽtaļa. Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek ἐνάτηρ (enátēr), Latin janitrīcēs, Sanskrit यातृ (yātṛ), and Old Armenian ներ (ner).

Noun

*jętry f

husband's brother's wife

Inflection

Declension of *jętry (hard v-stem)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*jętry	*jętrъvi	*jętrъvi
genitive	*jętrъve	*jętrъvu	*jętrъvъ
dative	*jętrъvi	jętrъvьma, jętrъvama^*	jętrъvьmъ, jętrъvamъ^*
accusative	*jętrъvь	*jętrъvi	*jętrъvi
instrumental	jętrъvьjǫ, jętrъvľǫ^**	jętrъvьma, jętrъvama^*	jętrъvьmi, jętrъvami^*
locative	*jętrъve	*jętrъvu	jętrъvьxъ, jętrъvaxъ^*
vocative	*jętry	*jętrъvi	*jętrъvi

^* -ьmъ/etc. are the original consonant-stem endings, while -amъ/etc. are later Common Slavic endings formed by analogy with a-stems.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

sěmьja, rodina (“family”)	Male	Female
parent	otъ, otьcь (“father”) nursery: *tata	mati (“mother”) nursery:* *mama
sibling	*bratrъ (“brother”)	*sestra (“sister”)
child	*synъ (“son”)	*dъťi (“daughter”)
grandparent	– (“grandfather”) nursery: dědъ; nana	ova (“grandmother”) nursery:* baba; nena
grandchild	*vъnukъ (“grandson”)	*vъnuka (“granddaughter”)
stepparent	*otьčimъ (“stepfather”)	*maťexa (“stepmother”)
stepchild	*pastorъkъ (“stepson”)	*pastorъka (“stepdaughter”)
father's sibling	strъjь (“paternal uncle”) nursery:* dada; lola	– (“paternal aunt”) nursery: teta; lelja
mother's sibling	ujь (“maternal uncle”) nursery:* dada; lola	– (“maternal aunt”) nursery: teta; lelja
sibling's child	*netьjь (“nephew”)	*nestera (“niece”)
spouse	*mǫžь (“husband”)	*žena (“wife”)
parent of wife	*tьstь (“father-in-law (wife's father)”)	*tьšča (“mother-in-law (wife's mother)”)
parent of husband	*svekrъ (“father-in-law (husband's father)”)	*svekry (“mother-in-law (husband's father)”)
sibling of wife	*šurь (“brother-in-law (wife's brother)”)	svěstь, svьstь (“sister-in-law (wife's sister)”)
sibling of husband	*děverь (“brother-in-law (husband's brother)”)	*zъly (“sister-in-law (husband's sister)”)
spouse of child	*zętь (“son-in-law (daughter's husband)”)	*snъxa (“daughter-in-law (son's wife)”)
spouse of husband's brother	–	*ętry (“sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife)”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: ѩтрꙑ (jętry)
  - Belarusian: ятро́ўка (jatróŭka)
  - Russian: я́тровь (játrovʹ) (dialectal)
  - Ukrainian: ятрі́вка (jatrívka), ятро́вка (jatróvka)
South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: (Gerov) ятръ́ва (jatrǎ́va), етръ́ва (etrǎ́va), етъ́рва (etǎ́rva), ентръ́ва (entrǎ́va) (dialectal)
- Old Church Slavonic: ѩтрꙑ (jętry)
- Macedonian: јатрва (jatrva)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: је̑трва, је̏трва, је́трва
  
  Latin script: jȇtrva, jȅtrva, jétrva
  - Chakavian Serbo-Croatian: (Vrgada) jȇtrva
  - Chakavian Serbo-Croatian: (Novi) jetrvȁ
- Slovene: jẹ̑trva (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: jatrev
- Old Polish: jątrew, jątry
  - Polish: jątrew (archaic)

References

Derksen, Rick (2008) “*ętry”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 158
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ятровь”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*jętry”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 188