Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ikъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-eikas, from Proto-Indo-European *-eykos. Cognate with Latvian -ieks (< -eikas). The *-i in *-ikъ thus reflects the Proto-Indo-European diphthong *ey, which explains the lack of the third palatalization. Lithuanian -ykas reflects earlier -inīkas, and is not a cognate. Probably not related to Sanskrit -ईक (-īká) and Latin -icō.

    Suffix

    *-ikъ m

    1. Denominal, forming diminutives.
      *nožь (“knife”) → *nožikъ (“a small knife”)
      *větrъ (“wind”) → *větrikъ (“breeze”)
      *listъ (“leaf”) → *listikъ (“a small leaf”)
      *bobъ (“broad bean”) → *bobikъ (“(a small) broad bean”)
    2. Deadjectival, denoting a carrier of a property.
      *zoltъ (“golden”) → *zoltikъ (“something golden”)
      *porzdьnъ (“empty”) → *porzdьnikъ (“feast, holiday, festival”)
      *moldъ (“young”) → *moldikъ (“something or somebody young”)
      *malъ (“small”) → *malikъ (“something or somebody small”)

    Declension

    Declension of *-ikъ (hard o-stem)
    singular dual plural
    nominative *-ikъ *-ika *-ici
    genitive *-ika *-iku *-ikъ
    dative *-iku *-ikoma *-ikomъ
    accusative *-ikъ *-ika *-iky
    instrumental *-ikъmь, *-ikomь* *-ikoma *-iky
    locative *-icě *-iku *-icěxъ
    vocative *-iče *-ika *-ici

    * -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

    Usage notes

    The diminutive function is productive in North Slavic. In South Slavic languages diminutive formations only exist in relics, mostly in Slovene.

    Derived terms

    • *-nikъ (appended to the past participle of verbs in *-nъ)
    • *-ьnikъ (with *-ьn- element abstracted away from denominal derivations on *-ьnъ)
    • *-ica (feminine counterpart)

    Descendants

    • East Slavic:
      • Old East Slavic: -икъ (-ikŭ)
        • Old Ruthenian: -икъ (-ik)
          • Belarusian: -ік (-ik)
          • Ukrainian: -ик (-yk)
        • Russian: -ик (-ik)
    • South Slavic:
      • Old Church Slavonic:
        Old Cyrillic script: -икъ (-ikŭ)
        Glagolitic script: -ⰹⰽⱏ (-ikŭ)
      • Bulgarian: -ик (-ik)
      • Macedonian: -ик (-ik)
      • Serbo-Croatian:
        Cyrillic script: -ик
        Latin script: -ik
      • Slovene: -ik
    • West Slavic:

    References

    • Šekli, Matej (2012) “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies‎[1] (in Slovene), volume 10, number 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32
    • Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974), “*-ikъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 1 (a – bьzděti), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 90
    • J. Halla-aho (2006): "Nouns in */-k-o-/ " in Problems of Proto-Slavic Historical Nominal Morphology, University of Helsenki, p. 70
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