-ico

Learned borrowing from Latin -icus, which forms adjectives of belonging or origin.

• IPA^(key): /ˈiko/ [ˈi.kʊ]
• Rhymes: -iko

-ico (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ica, masculine plural -icos, feminine plural -icas)

1. -ic; forms adjectives from nouns

Borrowed from English -ic, French -ique, Italian -ico, Portuguese -ico, Spanish -ico, Russian -ик (-ik) all ultimately from Latin -icum, from -icus.

• IPA^(key): /i.ko/

1=n

-ico

1. forms nouns from nouns, denoting a person occupied with a science or study; -ic, -ician, -ian

   ‎historia (“history”) + ‎-ico → ‎historico (“historian”)

   ‎theoria (“theory”) + ‎-ico → ‎theorico (“theoretician”)

• The stressed syllable in words formed with -ico is the antepenult, i.e. the syllable prior to the suffix.
• A corresponding nominal suffix denoting a particular science or study is -ica while the corresponding adjectival suffix is -ic.

• Alexander Gode, Hugh E. Blair (1955) Interlingua: A Grammar of the International Language, →ISBN

Derived from Latin -icus.

• IPA^(key): /ˈi.ko/
• Rhymes: -iko
• Hyphenation: -ì‧co

-ico (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ica, masculine plural -ici, feminine plural -iche)

1. -ic

-ico

1. first-person singular present of -icàre

• ciò, coi

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ɪ.koː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [i.ko]

From -ō suffixed to words with stems ending in -ic (including -icus), which was reinterpreted as part of the suffix.

-icō (present infinitive -icāre, perfect active -icāvī, supine -icātum); first conjugation

1. forms regular first-conjugation verbs, sometimes with frequentative meaning

   fodiō + -icō → fodicō

   albus + -icō → albicō

¹The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.

• Catalan: -egar
• Italian: -icare
• Sicilian: -icari

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

-icō

1. dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of -icus

• IPA^(key): /ˈi.t͡sɔ/
• Rhymes: -it͡sɔ
• Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]

-ico

1. vocative singular of -ica

Learned borrowing from Latin -icus, which forms adjectives of belonging or origin, from Proto-Indo-European *-ikos, *-iḱos.

• Hyphenation: -i‧co

-ico (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ica, masculine plural -icos, feminine plural -icas)

1. -ic; -ical of or relating to [the suffixed noun]

• Hyphenation: -i‧co

-ico m (noun-forming suffix, plural -icos, feminine -ica, feminine plural -icas)

1. irregular diminutive suffix, often forming new senses rather than semantic diminutives

   ‎burro (“donkey”) + ‎-ico → ‎burrico (“small donkey”)

   ‎verão (“summer”) + ‎-ico → ‎veranico (“Indian summer”)

   ‎furo (“hole”) + ‎-ico → ‎furico (“colloquial, euphemistic: anus”)

The following ending(s) change(s) in words appended with this suffix:

• ⟨-ição⟩ (being part of a hiatus in feminine nouns, incl. plurals) → ⟨-(i)cion⟩
• ⟨-ção⟩, ⟨-são⟩ (in feminine nouns, incl. plurals) → ⟨-cion⟩, ⟨-sion⟩
• ⟨-ão⟩ (as a non-verb suffix, incl. plurals) → ⟨-on⟩
• ⟨-ã(o)⟩ (incl. plurals) → ⟨-(i)an⟩, ⟨-am⟩, or ⟨-(i)on⟩, depending on the base word's etymology
• ⟨-m⟩ (incl. plurals) → ⟨-n⟩
• ⟨-z⟩ (in some nouns from Latin, incl. plurals) → ⟨-c(i)⟩
• ⟨-vel⟩ (unstressed and adjectival, incl. plurals) → ⟨-bil(i)⟩
• ⟨-z⟩ (adjectival, incl. plurals) → ⟨-c(i)⟩
• ⟨-dade⟩ (as a noun suffix, incl. plurals) → ⟨-t⟩

• IPA^(key): /iko/, [i.ko]

• Audio (Costa Rica):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iko
• Syllabification: -i‧co

Borrowed from Latin -icus, which forms adjectives of belonging or origin from a noun.

-ico (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ica, masculine plural -icos, feminine plural -icas)

1. forms adjectives from nouns; -ic

   ‎fotografía (“photograph”) + ‎-ico → ‎fotográfico (“photographic”)

• The stress will fall on the syllable before the suffix (e.g. cuántico, with emphasis on /a/). Contrast Etymology 2, with stress on the suffix.

Related to Ladino -iko, which serves as the equivalent of -ito.

-ico m (noun-forming suffix, plural -icos)

1. (Murcia, Granada, Navarre, Aragon, Cuba, Colombia, Venezuela, Costa Rica) diminutive suffix, pejorative in certain regions; forms nouns from nouns; replaces standard Spanish suffix -ito (in Cuba/Colombia/Venezuela/Costa Rica, it is only used with words that end in /t/, e.g. gato > gatico; but perro > perrito.

• The stress falls on the first syllable of the suffix (e.g. marica, with emphasis on /i/). Contrast Etymology 1, with stress on the syllable preceding the suffix.

• “-ico”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 10 December 2024