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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Turkic
| preceding vowel
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| A / Ï / O / U
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E / I / Ö / Ü
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| *-sa
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*-se
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Alternative reconstructions
Suffix 1
*-sa
- Suffix creating verbal adverb.
- *seb- (“to love”) + *-sa → *sebse (“with loving.”)
- marks the conditional mood; if
- *bar- (“to go”) + *-sa → *barsa (“if he/she/it goes.”)
- *-gan (verbal adjective)
- *-si (third person possessive case)
- *-ni (accusative case)
- *-ür (positive present tense)
Descendants
- Oghur:
- Bulgar: سَ- (-sa) (verbal adverb)
- Chuvash: -са (-sa), -се (-se) (verbal adverb); -сассӑн (-sassăn), -сессӗн (-sessĕn), -сан (-san), -сен (-sen) (if)
- Common Turkic:
- Arghu:
- Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish: ـسه (-se,-sa)
- Azerbaijani: -sə, -sa
- Gagauz: -sä, -sa
- Ottoman Turkish: ـسه (se,-sa)
- Turkmen: -se, -sa
- Salar:
- Karluk:
- Karakhanid: ـسا (-se,-sa)
- Kipchak:
- West Kipchak:
- Crimean Tatar:
- Kumyk: -са (-sa), -се (-se)
- Karachay-Balkar:
- Karaim:
- North Kipchak:
- Bashkir: -һа (-ha), -һә (-hə)
- Tatar: -са (-sa), -сә (-sä)
- East Kipchak:
- Kyrgyz: -са (-sa), -се (-se), -со (-so), -сө (-sö)
- Southern Altai: -са (-sa), -се (-se), -со (-so), -сӧ (-sö), -за (-za), -зе (-ze), -зо (-zo), -зӧ (-zö)
- South Kipchak:
- Kazakh: -са (-sa), -се (-se)
- Nogai:
- Karakalpak:
- Siberian:
- Old Turkic: [script needed] (-sar)
- Old Uyghur: [script needed] (-sar)
- Western Yugur: [script needed] (-sa)[2]
- North Siberian:
- Yakut: -тар (-tar), -тэр (-ter), -тор (-tor), -төр (-tör); -дар (-dar), -дэр (-der), -дор (-dor), -дөр (-dör); -лар (-lar), -лэр (-ler), -лор (-lor), -лөр (-lör); -нар (-nar), -нэр (-ner), -нор (-nor), -нөр (-nör)
- Dolgan:
- South Siberian:
- Sayan:
- Tuvan: -за (-za), -зе (-ze)
- Tofa:
- Yenisei:
Suffix 2
*-sa
- Suffix creating desiderative verbs from nouns.
- *sub (“water”) + *-sa → *subsa- (“to become thirsty, thirst”)
Derived terms
Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-sa
References
- ^ Bosnalı, Sonel. (2010). "Halaççanın Yitim ve Değişim Sürecine
Tasarlama Kipleri Açısından Bir Bakış". Bilig, 53, page 77.
- ^ Ayazlı, Özlem. (2019). "Eski Türk Yazıtlarında Geçen Yer-Yön Adlarının Sarı Uygurcadaki Durumu". International Journal of Old Uyghur Studies, Sivas Turkey, 1(2), 211-232.[1]