Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/bar-
Proto-Turkic
Verb
*bar-
Conjugation of *bar- (Common Turkic)
Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.
| Positive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | *barmak | |||||||
| participle | present | *bargan, barïgma, barur | ||||||
| past | *barduk, barmïš | |||||||
| future | *bardačï, barmakčï, barsïk, baračak | |||||||
| verbal noun | *barma, barïg, bargu | |||||||
| way of doing | *barïš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | aorist | *barur ben | *barur sen | *barur | *barur biz | *barur siz | *barur | |
| past | simple | *bardïm | *bardïŋ | *bardï | *bardïk, bardïmïz | *bardïŋïz | *bardï | |
| inferential | *barmïš ben | *barmïš sen | *barmïš | *barmïš biz | *barmïš siz | *barmïš | ||
| future | simple | *bardačï ben, barmakčï ben, baračak ben | *bardačï sen, barmakčï sen, baračak sen | *bardačï, barmakčï, baračak | *bardačï biz, barmakčï biz, baračak biz | *bardačï siz, barmakčï siz, baračak siz | *bardačï, barmakčï, baračak | |
| predictive | *bargay ben | *bargay sen | *bargay | *bargay biz | *bargay siz | *bargay | ||
| necessitive | *barsïkïm | *barsïkïŋ | *barsïk | *barsïkïmïz | *barsïkïŋïz | *barsïk | ||
| conditional | *barsam, barsar ben | *barsaŋ, barsar sen | *barsa, barsar | *barsak, barsamïz, barsar biz | *barsaŋïz, barsar siz | *barsalar, barsar | ||
| optative | *bargay ben | *bargay sen | *bargay | *bargay biz | *bargay siz | *bargay | ||
| progressive | *barmakda ben | *barmakda sen | *barmakda | *barmakda biz | *barmakda siz | *barmakda | ||
| necessitative | *barmalïg ben | *barmalïg sen | *barmalïg | *barmalïg biz | *barmalïg siz | *barmalïg | ||
| imperative | *barayïn | *bar, bargïl | *barzun | *baralïm | *barïŋ | *barzun | ||
| Negative | ||||||||
| infinitive | *barmamak | |||||||
| participle | present | *barmagan, barmagma, barmaz | ||||||
| past | *barmaduk, barmamïš | |||||||
| future | *barmačï, barmasïk, barmayačak | |||||||
| verbal noun | *barmama, barmag, barmagu | |||||||
| way of doing | *barmayïš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | aorist | *barmaz ben | *barmaz sen | *barmaz | *barmaz biz | *barmaz siz | *barmaz | |
| past | simple | *barmadïm | *barmadïŋ | *barmadï | *barmadïk, barmadïmïz | *barmadïŋïz | *barmadï | |
| inferential | *barmamïš ben | *barmamïš sen | *barmamïš | *barmamïš biz | *barmamïš siz | *barmamïš | ||
| future | simple | *barmačï ben, barmayačak ben | *barmačï sen, barmayačak sen | *barmačï, barmayačak | *barmačï biz, barmayačak biz | *barmačï siz, barmayačak siz | *barmačï, barmayačak | |
| predictive | *barmagay ben | *barmagay sen | *barmagay | *barmagay biz | *barmagay siz | *barmagay | ||
| necessitive | *barmasïkïm | *barmasïkïŋ | *barmasïk | *barmasïkïmïz | *barmasïkïŋïz | *barmasïk | ||
| conditional | *barmasam, barmasar ben | *barmasaŋ, barmasar sen | *barmasa, barmasar | *barmasak, barmasamïz, barmasar biz | *barmasaŋïz, barmasar siz | *barmasalar, barmasar | ||
| optative | *barmagay ben | *barmagay sen | *barmagay | *barmagay biz | *barmagay siz | *barmagay | ||
| progressive | *barmamakda ben | *barmamakda sen | *barmamakda | *barmamakda biz | *barmamakda siz | *barmamakda | ||
| necessitative | *barmamalïg ben | *barmamalïg sen | *barmamalïg | *barmamalïg biz | *barmamalïg siz | *barmamalïg | ||
| imperative | *barmayayïn | *barma, barmagïl | *barmazun | *barmayalïm | *barmayïŋ | *barmazun | ||
Descendants
- Arghu:
- Khalaj: varmaq
- Oghuz:
- Karluk:
- Kipchak:
- Kipchak: برماق (barmaq)
- North Kipchak
- West Kipchak:
- South Kipchak:
- Kipchak: برماق (barmaq)
- Siberian:
References
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 354
- Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 62
- Sevortjan, E. V. (1978) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Nauka, pages 64-65
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*bar”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill