Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/adak

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Usually considered to be simplex, however some theories have been proposed:

  1. Németh and some other linguists derive it from *āt- (“to take a step”).
  2. Nişanyan suggests a derivation from *ad- (“to separate”), however states that the morphology is not very obvious as there is no deverbal noun forming *-ak suffix.
  3. Hamilton puts forth the possibility of being derived from *yād- (“to spread”).[1]

Sevortyan's attempt at relating it with Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to go”) and Räsänen's attempt to link it with Korean 바닥 (badak) are unfounded.

Noun

*adak or *hadak

  1. (anatomy) foot
  2. (figurative) the end of something

Declension

Declension of *adak
singular 3)
nominative *adak
accusative *adakïg, *adaknï1)
genitive *adaknïŋ
dative *adakka
locative *adakda
ablative *adakdan
allative *adakgaru
instrumental 2) *adakïn
equative 2) *adakča
similative 2) *adaklayu
comitative 2) *adaklïgu
1) Originally used only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Derived terms

  • ⇒ *adak-la-

Descendants

  • Oghur: *aδaγ
    • Proto-Bulgar: *åδa
      • Old Chuvash: *åza
        • Middle Chuvash: *ora
  • Proto-Common Turkic: *adak

References

  1. ^ Hamilton, James (2020) Korkut, Ece, Birkan, İsmet, transl., Budacı İyi Kalpli ve Kötü Kalpli Prens Masalının Uygurcası - Prens Kalyāṇaṃkara ve Pāpaṃkara Hikâyesi (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, →ISBN, page 144
  2. ^ Sanžejev, G. D., Orlovskaja, M. N., Ševernina, Z. V. (2015) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ mongolʹskix jazykov: v 3 t. [Etymological dictionary of Mongolic languages: in 3 vols.] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 35
  3. ^ Léi, Xuǎnchūn (雷选春) (1992) “azaq”, in 西部裕固汉词典 [Xībù Yùgù-Hàn cídiǎn], Chengdu: Sichuan Minority Publishing House, page 18
  • Agyágasi, Klára (2019) Chuvash Historical Phonetics (Turcologica; 117), Wiesbaden: Harrssowitz, pages 87, 221
  • al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “aḏak”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 45
  • Eren, Hasan (1999) “ayak”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language]‎[1] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 26
  • Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ayak”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
  • Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 5
  • Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, page 105
  • Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*adak”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎[2], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
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