Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/erþapplu

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Alternative forms

*erþuapplu

Etymology

From *erþu +‎ *applu.

Noun

*erþapplu m

gourd, melon, squash

Inflection

u-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*erþapplu
Genitive	*erþapplō
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*erþapplu	erþappliwi, erþapplō
Accusative	*erþapplu	*erþapplū
Genitive	*erþapplō	*erþappliwō
Dative	erþappliwi, erþapplō	*erþapplum
Instrumental	*erþapplu	*erþapplum

Descendants

Old English: eorþæppel
- Middle English: *erth-appel
  - English: earthapple
Old Frisian: *erthappel, *irthappel
- West Frisian: ierdappel, ierappel, ierpel, jirpel
Old Saxon: *erthappul, *erthappel
- Middle Low German: ērdeappel, ērtappel, ērdappel
  - → Danish: jordæble (calque)
  - → Swedish: jordäpple (calque) (dialectal)
Old Dutch: *erthappel
- Middle Dutch: erdappel
  - Dutch: aardappel (dialectal eerdappel, erpel)
    - Afrikaans: aartappel
      - → Xhosa: itapile
    - Berbice Creole Dutch: adaplu
    - → Ambonese Malay: artapel
    - → English: earthapple (calque) (in the sense of "potato")
    - → Icelandic: jarðepli
    - → Kristang: atapal, artapal
    - → Malayalam: അടുതാപ്പ് (aṭutāppŭ)
    - → Sinhalese: අර්‍තාපල් (artāpal)
    - → Tamil: அர்த்தாப்பு (arttāppu)
  - Limburgish: aerdappel, aerpel
Old High German: erdapful, erdaphul
- Middle High German: ertapfel, erdapfel, ertöpfel, erdöpfel, ertaphel
  - Alemannic German: Härdöpfel
  - Central Franconian: Äädappel, Ääpel
    Moselle Franconian: Erdappel, Erpel
  - German: Erdapfel
  - Luxembourgish: Äerdapel, Äerpel, Ierpel (dialectal)
  - Rhine Franconian:
    - Pennsylvania German: Aerdabbel