Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hakkōn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hakkōną.

Verb

*hakkōn^[1]

to hack, chop

Inflection

Class 2 weak
Infinitive	*hakkōn
1st sg. past	*hakkōdā
Infinitive	*hakkōn
Genitive infin.	*hakkōnijas
Dative infin.	*hakkōnijē
Instrum. infin.	*hakkōniju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*hakkō	*hakkōdā
2nd singular	*hakkōs	hakkōdēs, hakkōdōs
3rd singular	*hakkōþ	hakkōdē, hakkōdā
1st plural	*hakkōm	*hakkōdum
2nd plural	*hakkōþ	*hakkōdud
3rd plural	*hakkōnþ	*hakkōdun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*hakkō	*hakkōdī
2nd singular	*hakkōs	*hakkōdī
3rd singular	*hakkō	*hakkōdī
1st plural	*hakkōm	*hakkōdīm
2nd plural	*hakkōþ	*hakkōdīd
3rd plural	*hakkōn	*hakkōdīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*hakkō
Plural	*hakkōþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*hakkōndī	*hakkōd

Related terms

*hakkā
*hakō

Descendants

Old English: *haccian
- Middle English: hakken
  - English: hack
  - Scots: hak, hack
Old Frisian: *hakkia, *hakia
- Saterland Frisian: häkje
- West Frisian: hakje
- ⇒ Old Frisian: tohakia, *tohakkia
Old Saxon: *hakkōn
- Middle Low German: hacken
  - German Low German: hacken
  - Plautdietsch: haken
  - → Danish: hakke
  - → Swedish: hacka
  - → Norn: hakka
  - → Norwegian: hakke
  - → Faroese: hakka
  - → Icelandic: hakka
  - → Gutnish: hakke
Old Dutch: *hakkon, *hakon
- Middle Dutch: hacken
  - Dutch: hakken
  - Limburgish: hakke
Old High German: hacchōn, *hakkōn
- Middle High German: hacken
  - Bavarian: håckn
  - Cimbrian: hàkhan
  - German: hacken
    - → Estonian: hakkima
→ Old French: hacher (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 191: “PWGmc *hakkōn”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 191: “PWGmc *hakkōn”

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