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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *kuningaz.
Noun
*kuning m[1]
- king
Inflection
| Masculine a-stem
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Singular
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| Nominative
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*kuning
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| Genitive
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*kuningas
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Singular
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Plural
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| Nominative
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*kuning
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*kuningō, *kuningōs
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| Accusative
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*kuning
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*kuningā
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| Genitive
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*kuningas
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*kuningō
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| Dative
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*kuningē
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*kuningum
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| Instrumental
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*kuningu
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*kuningum
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Derived terms
Descendants
- Old English: cyning, cining, cyng, cyneg, cynig, cuning, kyning, kining, king, kuning, cyncg, cyngc, kyningc, kung — Northumbrian
- Middle English: king, kenin, kening, kinig (in compounds, toponymic), gug, kug (in compounds, influenced by Old Norse (see etymology)), knyng (transmission error), chinge, chinȝ, cing, cining, cinȝ, ging, keing, keng, kingk, kingue, kining, kink, kyng, kynge
- → English: cyning (learned)
- Old Frisian: kening, kining, kinig, keneng, koning
- Old Saxon: kuning
- Middle Low German: könink, könnink, kunig
- Low German: Köning
- Dutch Low Saxon: koaning, könning
- German Low German: Koning, Köning, Keunig
- → Latgalian: kieneņš
- → Latvian: ķēniņš
- → Saterland Frisian: König, Köänig
- → West Frisian: keuning
- Old Dutch: cuninc
- Middle Dutch: cōninc
- Dutch: koning
- Afrikaans: koning
- Negerhollands: koning, kiniṅ
- → Mohegan-Pequot: kunnung
- → Sranan Tongo: kownu
- → Lokono: kónoe
- → Aukan: konu
- → Kari'na: konu
- Limburgish: keuning
- Old High German: kuning, cuning, chuninc, chuning
- Middle High German: künic, künec
References
- ^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 45: “PWGmc *kuning”