Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/liggjan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ligjaną.

Verb

*liggjan^[1]

to lie, rest

Inflection

Strong class 5 j-present
Infinitive	*liggjan
1st sg. past	*lag
3rd pl. past	*lāgun
Past ptcple	*legan
Infinitive	*liggjan
Genitive infin.	*liggjannjas
Dative infin.	*liggjannjē
Instrum. infin.	*liggjannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*liggju	*lag
2nd singular	*ligiʀi	*lāgī
3rd singular	*ligidi	*lag
1st plural	*liggjum	*lāgum
2nd plural	*ligid	*lāgud
3rd plural	*liggjand	*lāgun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*liggjē	*lāgī
2nd singular	*liggjēs	*lāgī
3rd singular	*liggjē	*lāgī
1st plural	*liggjēm	*lāgīm
2nd plural	*liggjēþ	*lāgīd
3rd plural	*liggjēn	*lāgīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*ligi
Plural	*ligid
	Present	Past
Participle	*liggjandī	*legan

Derived terms

*fraliggjan

Descendants

Old English: liċġan
- Middle English: lien
  - English: lie, lig
  - Scots: lie
  - Yola: lee, lidge
Old Frisian: lidzia
- West Frisian: lizze (merger with ledza)
Old Saxon: liggian
- Middle Low German: liggen
  - Low German: liggen
    - Dutch Low Saxon: liggen
    - German Low German: liggen
Old Dutch: liggen
- Middle Dutch: liggen
  - Dutch: liggen
    - Afrikaans: lê (merger with leggen)
    - Jersey Dutch: lixxe
    - Negerhollands: lee, lei, lej
    - → Papiamentu: lèg
  - Limburgish: ligke
Old High German: ligen, liggen, licken
- Middle High German: ligen, licken
  - Alemannic German: ligge
  - Central Franconian: lijje
  - German: liegen, licken (dialectal)
  - Luxembourgish: leien
  - Yiddish: ליגן (lign)

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 51: “PWGmc *[ligʲgʲan]”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 51: “PWGmc *[ligʲgʲan]”

[1]