Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sik

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sek.

Pronoun

*sik[1]

  1. himself, herself, itself, themselves, oneself

Inflection

Proto-West Germanic personal pronouns
singular first person second person reflexive
nominative *ik *þū -
accusative *mik *þik *sik
dative *miʀ *þiʀ
possessive *mīn *þīn *sīn
dual first person second person reflexive
nominative *wit *jit -
accusative *unk *inkw *sik
dative
possessive *unkar *inkwar *sīn
plural first person second person reflexive
nominative *wiʀ *jiʀ -
accusative *uns *iwwi *sik
dative
possessive *unsar *iuwar *sīn

Descendants

  • Old Frisian: sik (likely borrowed)
    • Saterland Frisian: sik
  • Old Saxon: sik
  • Old Dutch: sik, sic, sich, sig (only in Limburgish)
    • Middle Dutch: sich, sic, sik (spread to other eastern dialects)
      • Dutch: zich (standardized, likely reinforced by German sich)
        • Afrikaans: sig (rare, obsolete)
    • Limburgish: zich
  • Old High German: sih
    • Middle High German: sich
      • Bavarian: si, sich
      • Central Franconian: sich, sech
      • East Central German: sich
        • Zipser German: ßich
      • German: sich
      • Yiddish: זיך (zikh)
      • → Middle Dutch: sich
      • → Middle Low German: sik, sek (adapted to native mik, dik)
        • Low German: sik, sick (variant spelling), sük, sück (East Frisian, northern Emsland), sek, seck (Eastphalian, East Prussian), sich (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern)

References

  1. ^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 125: “*sik”
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