ailid

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *aleti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂életi. Cognate with Middle Welsh alu (“bear young”), Latin alō (“I feed, nourish”), Old English alan (“to nourish”).

The future stem has eb- extracted from reduplicated futures like ebarthi (“will grant it”) (from Proto-Celtic *ɸiɸrāti) and ·ebla¹ (“will drive”) (from Proto-Celtic *ɸiɸlāti) and reinterpreted as a future marker.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈalʲiðʲ]

Verb

ailid (conjunct ·ail, verbal noun altram)

  1. to nourish
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 5b28
      is inse ṅduit; ní tú nod·n-ail, acht is hé not·ail.
      it is impossible for you sg; it is not you that nourishes it, but it that nourishes you
  2. to rear, foster

Conjugation

Simple, class B I present, t preterite, a future, a subjunctive
active passive
singular plural singular plural
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
present indicative abs. ailit ailtir
conj. ·ail ·alar
rel. ailes ailte
imperfect indicative
preterite abs. alt altae
conj. ·alt ·altammar ·altatar ·alt
rel. altae
perfect deut. ro·n-ailt (nasalized relative)
prot.
future abs. ebeltair
conj. ·ebla, ·ebela
rel.
conditional ·ebelad ·ebeltae
present subjunctive abs.
conj.
rel.
past subjunctive ·almais
imperative
verbal noun altram
past participle ailte, altae
verbal of necessity

Descendants

  • Irish: oil
  • Scottish Gaelic: oil

Mutation

Mutation of ailid
radical lenition nasalization
ailid
(pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)		 ailid n-ailid

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) [1909] D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, translation of Handbuch des Alt-Irischen (in German), →ISBN, § 649; reprinted 2017

Further reading

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