ajak

See also: Ajak and a jak

English

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Indonesian ajak, from Malay ajak.

Noun

ajak (plural ajaks)

  1. (Indonesia) The dhole (Cuon alpinus).
    • 1991, Bill Dalton, Indonesia Handbook, page 374:
      Indonesia where the ajak, the handsome, rufous, bushy-tailed wild dog (a subspecies of the Indian dhole) still thrives.
    • 2015, Eka Kurniawan, translated by Labodalih Sembiring, Man Tiger, Verso, page 7:
      They didn't want the hogs to die, because they would later throw them into battle with the ajaks, in a public spectacle at the end of the hunting season.

Greenlandic

Pronunciation

Noun

ajak (plural ajaat)

  1. alternative form of aja

Declension

Declension of ajak
case singular plural
absolutive ajak ajaat
ergative ajaap
allative ajammut ajannut
ablative ajammit ajannit
prolative ajakkut ajatsigut
locative ajammi ajanni
instrumental ajammik ajannik
equative ajattut

References

Hungarian

Alternative forms

  • ajk (archaic, literary)

Etymology

From the obsolete aj (“valley; opening”) +‎ -k (“diminutive suffix”), from Proto-Uralic *aŋe (“opening, incision, deepening”).[1][2][3] Alternatively, possible cognate of Yakut айах (ayaq, “mouth”).[4]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈɒjɒk]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: ajak
  • Rhymes: -ɒk

Noun

ajak (plural ajkak)

  1. (anatomy) lip (either of the two fleshy protrusions around the opening of the mouth)
    • 1825, Mihály Vörösmarty, Zalán futása,[1] canto 1, lines 5–6, translation by Watson Kirkconnell and Adam Makkai:
      Hol vagyon, aki merész ajakát hadi dalnak eresztvén, / A riadó vak mélységet fölverje szavával, […]
      Where is the one who, with lips all bold, could thunder a war-song / rousing the gloom of the deep and unsighty abysses, […]
  2. (anatomy) labium (one of the two pairs of folds of skin either side of the vulva)

Declension

Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative ajak ajkak
accusative ajkat ajkakat
dative ajaknak ajkaknak
instrumental ajakkal ajkakkal
causal-final ajakért ajkakért
translative ajakká ajkakká
terminative ajakig ajkakig
essive-formal ajakként ajkakként
essive-modal — —
inessive ajakban ajkakban
superessive ajkon ajkakon
adessive ajaknál ajkaknál
illative ajakba ajkakba
sublative ajakra ajkakra
allative ajakhoz ajkakhoz
elative ajakból ajkakból
delative ajakról ajkakról
ablative ajaktól ajkaktól
non-attributive
possessive – singular 		ajaké ajkaké
non-attributive
possessive – plural 		ajakéi ajkakéi
Possessive forms of ajak
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. ajkam ajkaim
2nd person sing. ajkad ajkaid
3rd person sing. ajka ajkai
1st person plural ajkunk ajkaink
2nd person plural ajkatok ajkaitok
3rd person plural ajkuk ajkaik

Derived terms

(Compound words):

References

  1. ^ Entry #17 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
  2. ^ ajak in Tótfalusi, István. Magyar etimológiai nagyszótár (’Hungarian Comprehensive Dictionary of Etymology’). Budapest: Arcanum Adatbázis, 2001; Arcanum DVD Könyvtár →ISBN
  3. ^ ajak in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)
  4. ^ Martti Räsänen (1969) Versuch Eines Etymologischen Wörterbuch der Türksprachen, page 11

Further reading

  • ajak in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
  • ajak in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Indonesian

Pronunciation

  • (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈad͡ʒaʔ/ [ˈa.d͡ʒaʔ]
  • Rhymes: -ad͡ʒaʔ
  • Syllabification: a‧jak

Etymology 1

Inherited from Malay ajak, from Proto-Malayic *ajak, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *azak.

Verb

ajak (active mengajak, passive diajak)

  1. to invite (ask for the presence or participation of someone)
Conjugation
Conjugation of ajak (meng-, transitive)
root ajak
active passive basic
imperative 		emphatic
jussive
reflective1 ordinary
ordinary
nominative mengajak – diajak ajak ajaklah
accusative / dative / locative – – – – –
perfective causative / applicative2 – – – – –
causative
nominative – – – – –
accusative / dative / locative – – – – –
perfective causative / applicative2 – – – – –

1 There is another form of reflective passive verb with affixation of ke- -an which is not included in the table. This form is only attested in active voice without causative affixation of per-.
2 The -kan row is either causative or applicative. With transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning.
Some of these forms do not normally exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning.

Derived terms
  • ajakan (“invitation”)
  • pengajak (“inviter”)
  • terajak (“invited”)

Etymology 2

From Malay ajak.

Noun

ajak (plural ajak-ajak)

  1. dhole (Cuon alpinus)
    Synonym: anjing ajak
Derived terms
Descendants
  • → English: ajak

Etymology 3

From Minangkabau.

Adjective

ajak (comparative lebih ajak, superlative paling ajak)

  1. (dialectal) synonym of mirip (“similar”)
Derived terms
  • (dialectal) ajakkan (“to consider; to exemplify”)

Etymology 4

From Banjarese.

Adjective

ajak (comparative lebih ajak, superlative paling ajak)

  1. (dialectal) synonym of kalah (“defeated”)

Etymology 5

Borrowed from Osing.

Verb

ajak

  1. (dialectal) to be tamed

References

  • Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*azak”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Further reading

Karaim

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *adak.

Noun

ajak

  1. foot, leg

References

  • N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “ajak”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

Kott

Etymology

From Proto-Yeniseian *ʔaj(a)k (˜x-,-g).

Noun

ajak

  1. thunder

Malay

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ad͡ʒaʔ/
  • Rhymes: -ad͡ʒaʔ

Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayic *ajak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *azak.

Noun

ajak (Jawi spelling اجق, plural ajak-ajak)

  1. invitation

Verb

ajak (Jawi spelling اجق)

  1. to invite (ask for the presence or participation of someone)

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

Noun

ajak (Jawi spelling اجق, plural ajak-ajak)

  1. dhole
Descendants

References

  • Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*azak”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Sundanese

Etymology

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *azak.

Verb

ajak (Sundanese script ᮃᮏᮊ᮪)

  1. to invite (ask for the presence or participation of someone)

References

  • Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*azak”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
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