choquer
French
Etymology
Inherited from Middle French chocquer (“to clash in battle, shock, offend, hurt”), from Old French choquer (“to strike against”) and Picard chuquier, çuker (“to collide in battle, knock”), both of Germanic origin, possibly from Frankish *skukkōn, *skukkijan (“to jolt”), from Proto-Germanic *skukkōną, *skukkijaną (“to jolt”), possibly an iterative form of *skakaną (“to shake, stir”).
Cognate with Old High German scoc (“jolt, shock, swing”), Middle High German schucken, schocken (“to hit, bump, deliver a blow to”), Middle Dutch schokken (“to push, jolt”), and English shock.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʃɔ.ke/
Audio: (file)
Verb
choquer
- to hit, to collide
- to shock (surprise, startle)
- (Quebec) to offend, to anger (especially in reflexive)
Conjugation
Conjugation of choquer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | choquer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | choquant /ʃɔ.kɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | choqué /ʃɔ.ke/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | choque /ʃɔk/ |
choques /ʃɔk/ |
choque /ʃɔk/ |
choquons /ʃɔ.kɔ̃/ |
choquez /ʃɔ.ke/ |
choquent /ʃɔk/ |
| imperfect | choquais /ʃɔ.kɛ/ |
choquais /ʃɔ.kɛ/ |
choquait /ʃɔ.kɛ/ |
choquions /ʃɔ.kjɔ̃/ |
choquiez /ʃɔ.kje/ |
choquaient /ʃɔ.kɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | choquai /ʃɔ.ke/ |
choquas /ʃɔ.ka/ |
choqua /ʃɔ.ka/ |
choquâmes /ʃɔ.kam/ |
choquâtes /ʃɔ.kat/ |
choquèrent /ʃɔ.kɛʁ/ | |
| future | choquerai /ʃɔ.kʁe/ |
choqueras /ʃɔ.kʁa/ |
choquera /ʃɔ.kʁa/ |
choquerons /ʃɔ.kʁɔ̃/ |
choquerez /ʃɔ.kʁe/ |
choqueront /ʃɔ.kʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | choquerais /ʃɔ.kʁɛ/ |
choquerais /ʃɔ.kʁɛ/ |
choquerait /ʃɔ.kʁɛ/ |
choquerions /ʃɔ.kə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
choqueriez /ʃɔ.kə.ʁje/ |
choqueraient /ʃɔ.kʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | choque /ʃɔk/ |
choques /ʃɔk/ |
choque /ʃɔk/ |
choquions /ʃɔ.kjɔ̃/ |
choquiez /ʃɔ.kje/ |
choquent /ʃɔk/ |
| imperfect2 | choquasse /ʃɔ.kas/ |
choquasses /ʃɔ.kas/ |
choquât /ʃɔ.ka/ |
choquassions /ʃɔ.ka.sjɔ̃/ |
choquassiez /ʃɔ.ka.sje/ |
choquassent /ʃɔ.kas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | choque /ʃɔk/ |
— | choquons /ʃɔ.kɔ̃/ |
choquez /ʃɔ.ke/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
Further reading
- “choquer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.