essen
Alemannic German
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old High German ëȥȥan, from Proto-Germanic *etaną. Cognate with German essen, Dutch eten, English eat, Swedish äta.
Verb
essen
References
- Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
Dutch
Pronunciation
Audio: (file)
Noun
essen
- plural of es
German
Etymology
From Middle High German ëȥȥen, from Old High German ëȥȥan, from Proto-West Germanic *etan, from Proto-Germanic *etaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed-.
Cognate with Low German eten, Dutch eten, English eat, Danish æde, Norwegian ete, Swedish äta, Yiddish עסן (esn) and Gothic 𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (itan). Non-Germanic cognates include Latin edō, Russian есть (jestʹ), Scottish Gaelic ith.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈʔɛsn̩], /ˈɛsən/
Audio (Germany): (file) Audio (Germany): (file) Audio (Austria): (file) - Hyphenation: es‧sen
- Rhymes: -ɛsn̩, -ɛsən
Verb
essen (class 5 strong, third-person singular present isst, past tense aß, past participle gegessen, past subjunctive äße, auxiliary haben)
- (transitive) to eat
- Er isst gern Schokolade.
- He likes eating chocolate.
- Ich esse einen Apfel.
- I am eating an apple.
- (intransitive) to eat; to dine
- Wir haben noch nicht gegessen.
- We have not eaten yet.
- Sie haben immer vor 9 Uhr abends gegessen.
- They always ate before 9 o’clock in the evening.
Usage notes
- In obsolete usage, the past participle was frequently gessen, which is still used in Austria.
Conjugation
| infinitive | essen | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | essend | ||||
| past participle | gegessen | ||||
| auxiliary | haben | ||||
| indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
| present | ich esse | wir essen | i | ich esse | wir essen |
| du isst | ihr esst | du essest | ihr esset | ||
| er isst | sie essen | er esse | sie essen | ||
| preterite | ich aß | wir aßen | ii | ich äße1 | wir äßen1 |
| du aßest du aßt |
ihr aßt | du äßest1 du äßt1 |
ihr äßet1 ihr äßt1 | ||
| er aß | sie aßen | er äße1 | sie äßen1 | ||
| imperative | iss (du) | esst (ihr) | |||
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Synonyms
Derived terms
- auswärts essen — to eat out
- Ess-Brech-Sucht
- essbar
- Esser
- essgestört
- Esslöffel m
- Essstäbchen pl
- Essstörung
- Esssucht
- Esstisch m
- Esszimmer n
- zu Abend essen — to have dinner, to have tea (Br.)
- zu Mittag essen — to have lunch
Related terms
- Essen n
Further reading
- “essen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “essen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “essen” in Duden online
- “essen” in OpenThesaurus.de
- essen on the German Wikipedia.Wikipedia de
Hungarian
Alternative forms
- essék (archaic, today mostly in fixed phrases)
Etymology
From the es- stem of esik + -jen.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɛʃːɛn]
- Hyphenation: es‧sen
Verb
essen
- third-person singular subjunctive present indefinite of esik
Norwegian Nynorsk
Alternative forms
Noun
essen n or m
- definite masculine singular of ess
Old Occitan
Verb
essen
- present participle of esser
Swedish
Noun
essen
- definite plural of ess