hljóð

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse hljóð, from Proto-Germanic *hleuþą, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to hear”). Cognate with Faroese ljóð, Norwegian lyd, Danish lyd, Swedish ljud, German Laut, Scots luid, Dutch luid, and obsolete English loude.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /l̥jouːð/
  • Rhymes: -ouːð

Noun

hljóð n (genitive singular hljóðs, nominative plural hljóð)

  1. (countable and uncountable) sound
  2. a cry
    Synonyms: óp, hróp
  3. (Can we verify(+) this sense?) silence
    Synonym: þögn

Declension

Declension of hljóð (neuter)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative hljóð hljóðið hljóð hljóðin
accusative hljóð hljóðið hljóð hljóðin
dative hljóði hljóðinu hljóðum hljóðunum
genitive hljóðs hljóðsins hljóða hljóðanna

Derived terms

Old Norse

FWOTD – 24 January 2014

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hleuþą (“sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew-to-, derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱlew- (“hear”).

Pronunciation

  • (12th century Icelandic) IPA(key): /ˈl̥joːð/

Noun

hljóð n (genitive hljóðs, plural hljóð)

  1. silence, hearing
    • Vǫluspá, verse 1, lines 1-2, in 1860, T. Möbius, Edda Sæmundar hins fróða: mit einem Anhang zum Theil bisher ungedruckter Gedichte. Leipzig, page 1:
      Hljóðs bið ek allar / helgar kindir, […]
      For silence I ask / all holy kindreds […]
  2. a sound, cry
    • Saga Hákonar, Guttorms ok Inga 12, in 1835, F. Magnússon, C. C. Rafn, Fornmanna sögur, Volume IX. Copenhagen, page 30:
      Þorfinnr kom aungu hljóði í lúðrinn, […]
      Thorfinn couldn't blow a sound from the trumpet, […]
  3. a musical sound, tune, music
    • Guðmundar saga 28, in 1858, J. Sigurðsson, G. Vigfússon, Biskupa sögur, Volume I. Copenhagen, page 454:
      […] þangat mantu heyra söng fagran ok hljóð mikit ok dýrðlikt, […]
      […] thither you will hear songs beautiful and music great and glorious, […]

Declension

Declension of hljóð (strong a-stem)
neuter singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative hljóð hljóðit hljóð hljóðin
accusative hljóð hljóðit hljóð hljóðin
dative hljóði hljóðinu hljóðum hljóðunum
genitive hljóðs hljóðsins hljóða hljóðanna

Derived terms

  • hljóða (“to sound”)
  • hljóðan (“sound”)
  • hljóðbjalla (“tinkling bell”)
  • hljóðfall (“consonancy”)
  • hljóðfegrð (“euphony”)
  • hljóðfæri (“musical instrument”)
  • hljóðgreipr (“mouth”)
  • hljóðgóðr (“well-tuned”)
  • hljóðkyrr (“quiet”)
  • hljóðlauss (“soundless”)
  • hljóðleiki (“silence”)
  • hljóðliga (“silently”)
  • hljóðligr (“silent”)
  • hljóðlyndr (“taciturn”)
  • hljóðlátr (“still”)
  • hljóðlæti (“silence”)
  • hljóðlítill (“faintly sounding”)
  • hljóðmikill (“shrill-sounding”)
  • hljóðmæli (“secrecy”)
  • hljóðna (“to become silent”)
  • hljóðr (“silent”)
  • hljóðsamliga (“silently”)
  • hljóðsamligr (“silent”)
  • hljóðsamr (“silent”)
  • hljóðsgrein (“a kind of sound”)
  • hljóðskraf (“whispering”)
  • hljóðstafr (“vowel”)

Descendants

  • Icelandic: hljóð n
  • Faroese: ljóð n
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: ljod m or n, (dialectal) ljø, ly
  • Old Swedish: liūþ
  • Old Danish: liud
    • Danish: lyd c
      • Norwegian Bokmål: lyd m
        • → Norwegian Nynorsk: lyd m
  • → Scots: luid

Further reading

  • Richard Cleasby, Guðbrandur Vigfússon (1874) “hljóð”, in An Icelandic-English Dictionary, 1st edition, Oxford: Oxford Clarendon Press, page 271
  • Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “hljóð”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 202; also available at the Internet Archive
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.