kvíða
Icelandic
Etymology
From Old Norse kvíða (“to be apprehensive”), possibly related to Old English cwīþan and Old Saxon qwiðean (“to complain”),[1] with further cognates outside of Germanic uncertain,[2] though compare kveina (“to wail, lament”).[3]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkʰviːða/
- Rhymes: -iːða
Verb
kvíða (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative kveið, third-person plural past indicative kviðu, supine kviðið)
- to be anxious or apprehensive about [with dative]
- Ég kvíði engu.
- I'm not nervous about anything.
Usage notes
Formerly a weak verb (past tense kvíddi, supine kvítt), it has adopted the strong declension of verbs like bíða, ríða, líða and now only follows the weak declension in the present tense (ég kvíði, þú kvíðir), although there too strong forms (ég kvíð, þú kvíður) are also found.[4]
Conjugation
| infinitive nafnháttur | að kvíða | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| supine sagnbót | kvíðið | |||||
| present participle |
kvíðandi | |||||
| indicative |
subjunctive | |||||
| present |
past |
present |
past | |||
| singular | ég | kvíði | kveið | kvíði | kviði | |
| þú | kvíðir | kveiðst | kvíðir | kviðir | ||
| hann, hún, það | kvíðir | kveið | kvíði | kviði | ||
| plural | við | kvíðum | kviðum | kvíðum | kviðum | |
| þið | kvíðið | kviðuð | kvíðið | kviðuð | ||
| þeir, þær, þau | kvíða | kviðu | kvíði | kviðu | ||
| imperative boðháttur | ||||||
| singular | þú | kvíð (þú), kvíddu | ||||
| plural | þið | kvíðið (þið), kvíðiði1 | ||||
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
Related terms
References
- ^ Seebold, Elmar (1970) “KWEIÞ-*A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 313
- ^ Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989) “kvíða”, in Íslensk orðsifjabók, Reykjavík: Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies, →ISBN, page 527 (Available at Málið.is under the “Eldri orðabækur” tab.)
- ^ de Vries, Jan (1977) “kvíða 1”, in Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Old Norse Etymological Dictionary][1] (in German), 2nd revised edition, Leiden: Brill, page 338
- ^ Kristín Bjarnadóttir, editor (2002–2025), “kvíða”, in Beygingarlýsing íslensks nútímamáls [The Database of Modern Icelandic Inflection] (in Icelandic), Reykjavík: The Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies
Further reading
- “kvíða” in the Dictionary of Modern Icelandic (in Icelandic) and ISLEX (in the Nordic languages)