rase

See also: rasé, rasë, rašė, řase, RASE, and Rase

English

WOTD – 23 May 2025

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Late Middle English rasen, rasyn (“to rage; to enrage (?)”),[1] probably from Middle Dutch râsen, râzen (“to be extremely angry, rage; to be mad, rave; to talk nonsense; of a dog: to be rabid”),[2] from Old Dutch *rāson (modern Dutch razen), from Proto-West Germanic *rāsōn (“to rush”), Proto-Germanic *rēsōną (“to rush”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁s- (“to flow; to rush”).

cognates

Verb

rase (third-person singular simple present rases, present participle rasing, simple past and past participle rased)

  1. (intransitive, archaic) To be extremely angry; to rage; specifically, of a dog or wolf: to snarl in rage.
Translations

Etymology 2

PIE word
*wréh₂ds

A variant of race (“(obsolete) to pluck; to pull off; to snatch; to tear”), partly influenced by raze.[3]

Verb

rase (third-person singular simple present rases, present participle rasing, simple past and past participle rased)

  1. (transitive, archaic) Alternative spelling of race (“to pluck or snatch (something); also, to pull (something)”).
Translations

Etymology 3

A variant of raze, from Middle English rasen: see further at raze.

Verb

rase (third-person singular simple present rases, present participle rasing, simple past and past participle rased)

  1. Alternative spelling of raze.
    1. (transitive) To level or tear down (a building, a town, etc.) to the ground; to demolish.
    2. (transitive, figurative) To completely remove (someone or something), especially from a place, a situation, etc.; also, to remove from existence; to destroy, to obliterate.
    3. (transitive, also figurative) To erase (a record, text, etc.), originally by scraping; to rub out, to scratch out.
      • 1523, John Skelton, “A Ryght Delectable Tratyse vpon a Goodly Garlande or Chapelet of Laurell, […]”, in Alexander Dyce, editor, The Poetical Works of John Skelton: […], volume I, London: Thomas Rodd, […], published 1843, →OCLC, page 420, lines 1478–1480:
        Suppleyng to Fame, I besought her grace, / And that it wolde please her, full tenderly I prayd, / Owt of her bokis Apollo to rase.
      • 1595, G. W. I[unior], “[Dedicatory poem]”, in Edmunde Spenser [i.e., Edmund Spenser], Amoretti and Epithalamion. […], London: […] [Peter Short] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, signature [¶4], recto:
        [N]o malice of ſucceeding daies, / can raſe thoſe records of thy laſting praiſe.
      • 1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 25”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC, signature C2, recto:
        The painefull vvarrier famoſed for vvorth, / After a thouſand victories once foild, / Is from the booke of honour raſed quite, / And all the reſt forgot for vvhich he toild: […]
      • 1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC, signature B2, verso, lines 361–363:
        Though of their Names in heavenly Records novv / Be no memorial, blotted out and ras'd / By thir Rebellion, from the Books of Life.
      • 1726, John Ayliffe, “Of Accusation, and the Course of It”, in Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani: Or, A Commentary, by Way of Supplement to the Canons and Constitutions of the Church of England. […], London: […] D. Leach, and sold by John Walthoe […], →OCLC, pages 24–25:
        Inſcription is an Obligation made in VVriting, vvhereby the Accuſer binds himſelf to undergo the ſame Puniſhment, if he ſhall not prove the Crime vvhich he objects to the Party accuſed in his accuſatory Libel, […] And if ſuch Articles are not legally inſcrib'd, as aforeſaid, then the Name of the Defendant ſhall be raſed out, and the Defendant ſhall be reſtor'd to his former ſtate of Innocence.
      • 1743, [Edward Young], “Night the Fifth. The Relapse. […]”, in The Complaint. Or, Night-Thoughts on Life, Death, & Immortality. Night the Fifth, London: […] R[obert] Dodsley […], →OCLC, page 33:
        Our quick-returning Folly cancels all; / As the Tide ruſhing raſes vvhat is vvrit / In yielding Sands, and ſmooths the Letter'd Shore.
      • a. 1823 (date written), Percy Bysshe Shelley, “Fiordispina”, in William Michael Rossetti, editor, The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley: […], revised edition, volume II, London: E[dward] Moxon, Son, & Co., […], published 1870, →OCLC, pages 339–340:
        They were two cousins, almost like two twins, / Except that from the catalogue of sins / Nature had rased their love, which could not be / But by dissevering their nativity.
      • 1918, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, “Suburbs on a Hazy Day”, in New Poems, London: Martin Secker, →OCLC, stanza 1, page 17:
        O stiffly shapen houses that change not, / What conjuror's cloth was thrown across you, and raised, / To show you thus transfigured, changed, / Your stuff all gone, your menace almost rased?
    4. (transitive, archaic except UK, regional) To wound (someone or part of their body) superficially; to graze.
      • 1685 March 4 (date delivered; Gregorian calendar); first published 1692, Robert South, “A Sermon Preached at Westminster-Abbey, February 22. 1684⁄5.”, in Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions. […], volume I, London: […] J[ohn] H[eptinstall] for Thomas Bennet, […], →OCLC, page 403:
        For vvas he not in the neareſt Neighbourhood to Death? And might not the Bullet, that perhaps raſed his Cheek, have as eaſily gone into his Head?
    5. (transitive, obsolete)
      1. To alter (a document) by erasing parts of it.
        • a. 1677 (date written), Matthew Hale, “Concerning the New Felonies Enacted in the Times of H[enry] 4. H[enry] 5. H[enry] 6. E[dward] 4.”, in Sollom Emlyn, editor, Historia Placitorum Coronæ: The History of the Pleas of the Crown, […], volume I, In the Savoy [London]: […] E[lizabeth] and R[ichard] Nutt, and R. Gosling (assigns of Edward Sayer, Esq.), for F. Gyles […], T. Woodward […], and C. Davis […], published 1736, →OCLC, pages 650–651:
          [page 650] A raſing or cancelling of a record by the order of that court, in vvhoſe cuſtody the record is, is no felony in him that doth it, nor in the court that commands it, for the court hath a ſuperintendence, as vvell over the record as over the clerks. […] It muſt be ſuch an embezzelling or avoiding of the record, by reaſon vvhereof a judgment is reverſed, […] [page 651] [I]f A. B. be ſued by the original to the exigent and outlavved, and aftervvard the exigent is made C. B. and the original is alſo made C. B. to make all agree, this is felony as vvell in the clerk that raſeth the original, as him that raſeth the exigent.
      2. To carve (a line, mark, etc.) into something; to incise, to inscribe; also, to carve lines, marks, etc., into (something); to engrave.
        • 1678 January 11 – February 11 (Gregorian calendar), Joseph Moxon, “Numb[er] II. Applied to the Making of Hinges, Locks, Keys, Screws and Nuts Small and Great.”, in Mechanick Exercises, or The Doctrine of Handy-Works, […], volume I, London: […] Joseph Moxon, published 1683, →OCLC, page 17:
          [Y]ou muſt mark the out-lines of your intended Hinge, […] either vvith Chalk, or elſe raſe upon the Plate vvith the corner of the Cold-Chiſſel, or any other hardned Steel that vvill ſcratch a bright ſtroke upon the Plate: […]
      3. To remove (something) by scraping; also, to cut or shave (something) off.
      4. To rub lightly along the surface of (something); brush against, to graze.
        • 1609, Ammianus Marcellinus, “[The XV. Booke.] Chapter III. Warre against the Lentienses, a People of Alemaine. The Description of the Lake Brigantia. The Romane Armie Discomfited and Put to Flight, having within a while after Vanquished the Alemans, Returned to Millaine, there to Winter.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Roman Historie, […], London: […] Adam Jslip, →OCLC, page 33:
          And novv [the Rhine] by this time augmented vvith ſnovv, melted and reſolved into vvater, and raſing as it goes the high bankes vvith their curving reaches, entreth into a round and vaſt lake (vvhich the Rhætians dvvelling thereby, call Brigantia) […]
        • 1786, [William Beckford], translated by [Samuel Henley], An Arabian Tale, from an Unpublished Manuscript: […] [Vathek], London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], →OCLC, page 103:
          Sometimes, his feet raſed the ſurface of the water; and, at others, the ſkylight almoſt flattened his noſe.
      5. To scrape (something) to remove things from its surface; also, to reduce (something) to small pieces by scraping; to grate.
        • 1621 August 13 (first performance; Gregorian calendar), Ben Jonson, “The Masque of the Gypsies”, in Q. Horatius Flaccus: His Art of Poetry. […], London: […] J[ohn] Okes, for John Benson […], published 1640, →OCLC, page 65:
          And you are a ſoule, ſo vvhite, and ſo chaſte, / A table ſo ſmooth, and ſo nevvly ra'ſte, / As nothing cald foule, / Dare approach vvith a blot, / Or any leaſt ſpot; […]
      6. To shave (someone or part of their body) with a razor, etc.
      7. (also figurative) To cut, scratch, or tear (someone or something) with a sharp object; to lacerate, to slash.
    6. (intransitive, obsolete)
      1. To carve lines, marks, etc., into something.
      2. To graze or rub lightly along a surface.
      3. To penetrate through something; to pierce.
        • 1677, W[illiam] Hubbard, The Present State of New-England. Being a Narrative of the Troubles with the Indians in New England, […], London: […] Tho[mas] Parkhurst […], →OCLC, page 39:
          [O]ne Robert Dutch of Ipſvvith, having been ſorely vvounded by a Bullet that raſed to his skull, and then mauled by the Indian Hatchets, left for dead by the Salvages,[sic – meaning Savages] and ſtript by them of all but his skin; […]
Conjugation
Conjugation of rase
infinitive (to) rase
present tense past tense
1st-person singular rase rased
2nd-person singular rase, rasest† rased, rasedst†
3rd-person singular rases, raseth† rased
plural rase
subjunctive rase rased
imperative rase —
participles rasing rased

† Archaic or obsolete.

Noun

rase (plural rases) (obsolete)

  1. An act of cutting, scraping, or scratching; also, an erasure.
    • [1530 July 28 (Gregorian calendar), Iohan Palsgraue [i.e., John Palsgrave], “The Table of Substantyues”, in Lesclarcissement de la langue francoyse⸝ […], [London]: […] [Richard Pynson] fynnysshed by Iohan Haukyns, →OCLC, 3rd boke, folio lviii, recto, column 2; reprinted Geneva: Slatkine Reprints, October 1972, →OCLC:
      Raſe a ſcrapyng]
    • a. 1601 (date written), Richard Hooker, A Remedie against Sorrow and Feare, Delivered in a Funerall Sermon, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Ioseph Barnes, and are to be sold by John Barnes […], published 1612, →OCLC, page 9:
      Perceaue vve not hovv they vvhoſe tenderneſſe ſhrinketh at the leaſt raſe of a needles point, do kiſſe the ſvvord that pearceth their ſoules quite through?
    • 1629, John Gaule, “Practique Theories: Or, Votiue Speculations vpon Christ’s Passion”, in Practique Theories: Or, Votiue Speculations, vpon Iesus Christs Prediction. Incarnation. Passion. Resurrection. […], London: […] [Thomas Cotes] for James Bowler […], →OCLC, page 266:
      And did the Villaines lay ſuch load on, and yet ſet ſo light by my Sauiours [Jesus's] ſtripes; the drops of vvhoſe blood, the raſe of vvhoſe skinne, skarres of vvhoſe fleſh, ach of vvhoſe finger, vvas more then the torment of their vvretched Bodyes, and loſſe of their damned Soules?
  2. Alternative spelling of raze (“a slight wound; a scratch; also, a cut, a slit”).
    • 1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XXXIV.] Of 366 Excellent Peeces of Worke in Brasse, and as Many Cunning Artificers in that Kind.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 2nd tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 499:
      And verely the Emperour Nero vvas ſo greatly enamoured vpon one image of Alexander [the Great], that hee commaunded it to be guilded all over: but aftervvards, ſeeing that the more coſt vvas beſtovved upon it by laying on gold, the leſſe vvas the art ſeene of the firſt vvorkman [Lysippos], ſo that it loſt all the beautie and grace that it had by that means, he cauſed the gold to be taken off againe: and verely, the ſaid image thus unguilded as it vvas, ſeemed farre more precious than it vvas vvhiles it ſtood ſo enriched vvith gold, notvvithſtanding all the hackes, cuts, gaſhes, and raſes all over the bodie vvherein the gold did ſticke, remained ſtill, vvhich in ſome ſort might disfigure it.
    • 1678 January 11 – February 11 (Gregorian calendar), Joseph Moxon, “Numb[er] II. Applied to the Making of Hinges, Locks, Keys, Screws and Nuts Small and Great. Of Hinges.”, in Mechanick Exercises, or The Doctrine of Handy-Works, […], volume I, London: […] Joseph Moxon, published 1683, →OCLC, page 17:
      [T]ake the Cold-Chiſſel in your left hand, and ſet the edge of it upon that mark or raſe, and vvith the Hand Hammer in your right hand ſtrike upon the Head of the Cold-Chiſſel, till you cut, or rather punch the edge of the Cold-Chiſſel almoſt through the Plate in that place: […]

Etymology 4

Probably either:[4]

  • from Late Latin rāsum (neuter), rāsa (“level measure of grain”, feminine), a noun use of Latin rāsus (“scraped; shaved”, masculine), the perfect passive participle of rādō (“to scrape; to scratch; to shave; to touch upon, graze”), from Proto-Italic *razdō, further etymology unknown; or
  • from Anglo-Norman rase (“level measure of grain”), from Latin rāsus (see above).

Noun

rase (plural rases)

  1. (obsolete, rare) A measure in which the commodity assessed is made level with the top of the measuring vessel rather than heaped above it.
    • 1670, Thomas Blount, “Rase”, in Νομο-λεξικον [Nomo-lexikon]: A Law-dictionary. […], In the Savoy [London]: […] Tho[mas] Newcomb, for John Martin and Henry Herringman, […], →OCLC, signature [Hhh2], recto, column 1:
      Toll ſhall be taken by the Raſe, and not by the Heap or Cantel. Ordinance for Bakers, Brevvers, &c. cap. 4. it ſeems to have been a meaſure of Corn, novv diſuſed
Derived terms
  • race (“of a measure: level”, adjective) (Kent)

Etymology 5

From rase, race (“(usually white) marking on the head of an animal, chiefly a horse”);[5] further etymology uncertain, possibly a specific use of race (“(obsolete) mark; cut, scratch”, noun),[6] from race (“to cut, slash; to scratch; to tear”) (southwest England), a variant of raze.[7]

Verb

rase (third-person singular simple present rases, present participle rasing, simple past and past participle rased)

  1. (intransitive, obsolete, rare) Of a natural marking on the head of an animal (chiefly a horse): to extend down the head.

References

  1. ^ “rāsen, v.(2)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  2. ^ “rase, v.3”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, December 2024.
  3. ^ “rase, v.2”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, September 2024.
  4. ^ “rase, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, July 2023.
  5. ^ “† rase, v.4”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, July 2023.
  6. ^ “race, n.4”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, June 2024.
  7. ^ “race, v.2”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, December 2024.

Anagrams

Czech

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈrasɛ]

Noun

rase f

  1. dative/locative singular of rasa

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse rasa.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /raːsə/, [ˈʁɑːsə]

Verb

rase (imperative ras, infinitive at rase, present tense raser, past tense rasede, perfect tense har raset)

  1. to rage
  2. to storm

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *rasëda (“tired; pregnant; heavy”), from Proto-Finno-Permic *ranśe. Related to raske (“heavy”) (from *raskëda, where the -k- is a derivational suffix). Replaced earlier raskejalgne (literally “having heavy feet”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈrɑse/, [ˈrɑse̞]
  • Rhymes: -ɑse
  • Hyphenation: ra‧se

Adjective

rase (genitive raseda, partitive rasedat)

  1. pregnant (carrying a fetus developing in its organism, expecting a child)
    rase naine ― a pregnant woman
    rasedaks jääma ― to get pregnant
    Naine on kaheksandat kuud rase. ― The woman is eight months pregnant.
  2. (figurative) filled (with something abstract)
    • 1937, Heiti Talvik, Sügiselaul (poetry):
      Ammu juba viimse vase / vahtraladvad poetand rohtu. / Üksik uib, mis viljast rase, / trotsimas veel hallaohtu.
      The maple tops have long since shed / their last copper colour into the grass. / A lonely catkin, filled with fruit, / still defies the threat of frost.

Usage notes

  • rase chiefly refers to humans, while tiine refers to animals.

Declension

Declension of rase (ÕS type 2/õpik, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative rase rasedad
accusative nom.
gen. raseda
genitive rasedate
partitive rasedat rasedaid
illative rasedasse rasedatesse
rasedaisse
inessive rasedas rasedates
rasedais
elative rasedast rasedatest
rasedaist
allative rasedale rasedatele
rasedaile
adessive rasedal rasedatel
rasedail
ablative rasedalt rasedatelt
rasedailt
translative rasedaks rasedateks
rasedaiks
terminative rasedani rasedateni
essive rasedana rasedatena
abessive rasedata rasedateta
comitative rasedaga rasedatega

Derived terms

nouns
verbs
  • rasestama
  • rasestuma

Compounds

  • lõpurase
  • riskirase

Noun

rase (genitive raseda, partitive rasedat)

  1. a pregnant person (usually a woman)
    rasedate võimlemine ― prenatal aerobics (literally, “aerobics for pregnant women”)

Declension

Declension of rase (ÕS type 2/õpik, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative rase rasedad
accusative nom.
gen. raseda
genitive rasedate
partitive rasedat rasedaid
illative rasedasse rasedatesse
rasedaisse
inessive rasedas rasedates
rasedais
elative rasedast rasedatest
rasedaist
allative rasedale rasedatele
rasedaile
adessive rasedal rasedatel
rasedail
ablative rasedalt rasedatelt
rasedailt
translative rasedaks rasedateks
rasedaiks
terminative rasedani rasedateni
essive rasedana rasedatena
abessive rasedata rasedateta
comitative rasedaga rasedatega

References

  • rase in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
  • “rase”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009

French

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʁaz/
  • Audio:(file)

Adjective

rase

  1. feminine singular of ras

Verb

rase

  1. inflection of raser:
    1. first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
    2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

Anagrams

German

Pronunciation

  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -aːzə

Verb

rase

  1. inflection of rasen:
    1. first-person singular present
    2. first/third-person singular subjunctive I
    3. singular imperative

Indonesian

Etymology

From Javanese ꦫꦱꦺ (rasé).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈrase/
  • Hyphenation: ra‧sé

Noun

rasé (plural rase-rase)

  1. small Indian civet (Viverricula indica)
    Synonyms: musang bulan, musang rase

Coordinate terms

Further reading

Italian

Verb

rase

  1. third-person singular past historic of radere

Adjective

rase

  1. feminine plural of raso

Anagrams

Latin

Participle

rāse

  1. vocative masculine singular of rāsus

References

Latvian

Noun

rase f (5th declension)

  1. race (a large group of people set apart from others on the basis of a common heritage)
  2. colour

Declension

Declension of rase (5th declension)
singular plural
nominative rase rases
genitive rases rašu
dative rasei rasēm
accusative rasi rases
instrumental rasi rasēm
locative rasē rasēs
vocative rase rases

Derived terms

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Italian razza and Middle French race.

Noun

rase m (definite singular rasen, indefinite plural raser, definite plural rasene)

  1. a race (of humankind)
  2. a breed (of animal)

Etymology 2

From Old Norse rasa.

Verb

rase (imperative ras, present tense raser, passive rases, simple past raste, past participle rast, present participle rasende)

  1. to be furious, fume, rage, rave
  2. (figurative: fever, plague, war) to rage
  3. (river) to rush, sweep over, tear along
  4. (storm) to wreak havoc
  5. (e.g. in an avalanche) to fall, slide
  6. (with sammen) to collapse, cave in
Derived terms

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Italian razza and Middle French race.

Noun

rase m (definite singular rasen, indefinite plural rasar, definite plural rasane)

  1. a race (of humankind)
  2. a breed (of animal)

Etymology 2

From Old Norse rasa.

Verb

rase (present tense rasar, past tense rasa, past participle rasa, passive infinitive rasast, present participle rasande, imperative rase/ras)

  1. to be furious, fume, rage, rave
  2. (figurative: fever, plague, war) to rage
  3. (river) to rush, sweep over, tear along
  4. (storm) to wreak havoc
  5. (e.g. in an avalanche) to fall, slide
  6. (with saman) to collapse, cave in
Alternative forms
Derived terms

References

Old Javanese

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈrase/
  • Hyphenation: ra‧sé

Noun

rase

  1. civet
    Synonyms: lubak, luwak

Descendants

  • Javanese: ꦫꦱꦺ (rasé)
    • → Indonesian: rase

Further reading

  • "rase" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts
  • 𑀭𑀲𑁂 (Brahmi script)
  • रसे (Devanagari script)
  • রসে (Bengali script)
  • රසෙ (Sinhalese script)
  • ရသေ (Burmese script)
  • รเส or ระเส (Thai script)
  • ᩁᩈᩮ (Tai Tham script)
  • ຣເສ or ຣະເສ (Lao script)
  • រសេ (Khmer script)
  • 𑄢𑄥𑄬 (Chakma script)

Noun

rase

  1. inflection of rasa (“taste”):
    1. locative singular
    2. accusative plural

Romanian

Noun

rase f

  1. plural of rasă

Spanish

Verb

rase

  1. inflection of rasar:
    1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
    2. third-person singular imperative
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.