ryðja

See also: rydja

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse ryðja, Proto-Germanic *rudjaną, a variant of Proto-Germanic *reudaną (to clear) (in Old Norse rjóða) and Proto-Germanic *rudōną (to clear) (cognates in German roden, rotten, reuten).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈrɪðja/
    Rhymes: -ɪðja

Verb

ryðja (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative ruddi, supine rutt)

  1. to clear (an area, path, etc.) [with accusative]
  2. to clear (away), shove (away), push aside [with dative]

Conjugation

ryðja – active voice (germynd)
infinitive nafnháttur ryðja
supine sagnbót rutt
present participle
ryðjandi
indicative
subjunctive
present
past
present
past
singular ég ryð ruddi ryðji ryddi
þú ryður ruddir ryðjir ryddir
hann, hún, það ryður ruddi ryðji ryddi
plural við ryðjum ruddum ryðjum ryddum
þið ryðjið rudduð ryðjið rydduð
þeir, þær, þau ryðja ruddu ryðji ryddu
imperative boðháttur
singular þú ryð (þú), ryddu
plural þið ryðjið (þið), ryðjiði1
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
ryðjast – mediopassive voice (miðmynd)
infinitive nafnháttur að ryðjast
supine sagnbót ruðst
present participle
ryðjandist (rare; see appendix)
indicative
subjunctive
present
past
present
past
singular ég ryðst ruddist ryðjist ryddist
þú ryðst ruddist ryðjist ryddist
hann, hún, það ryðst ruddist ryðjist ryddist
plural við ryðjumst ruddumst ryðjumst ryddumst
þið ryðjist ruddust ryðjist ryddust
þeir, þær, þau ryðjast ruddust ryðjist ryddust
imperative boðháttur
singular þú ryðst (þú), ryðstu
plural þið ryðist (þið), ryðisti1
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
ruddur — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension
(sterk beyging)
singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall)
ruddur rudd rutt ruddir ruddar rudd
accusative
(þolfall)
ruddan rudda rutt rudda ruddar rudd
dative
(þágufall)
ruddum ruddri ruddu ruddum ruddum ruddum
genitive
(eignarfall)
rudds ruddrar rudds ryddra ryddra ryddra
weak declension
(veik beyging)
singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
masculine
(karlkyn)
feminine
(kvenkyn)
neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall)
ruddi rudda rudda ruddu ruddu ruddu
accusative
(þolfall)
rudda ruddu rudda ruddu ruddu ruddu
dative
(þágufall)
rudda ruddu rudda ruddu ruddu ruddu
genitive
(eignarfall)
rudda ruddu rudda ruddu ruddu ruddu

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *rudjaną.

Verb

ryðja (singular past indicative ruddi, plural past indicative ruddu, past participle ruddr)

  1. (transitive, of land) to clear, free
  2. (transitive) to clear, empty
  3. (transitive, law) to challenge

Conjugation

Conjugation of ryðja — active (weak class 1)
infinitive ryðja
present participle ryðjandi
past participle ruddr
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular ryð rudda ryðja rydda
2nd person singular ryðr ruddir ryðir ryddir
3rd person singular ryðr ruddi ryði ryddi
1st person plural ryðjum ruddum ryðim ryddim
2nd person plural ryðið rudduð ryðið ryddið
3rd person plural ryðja ruddu ryði ryddi
imperative present
2nd person singular ryð
1st person plural ryðjum
2nd person plural ryðið
Conjugation of ryðja — mediopassive (weak class 1)
infinitive ryðjask
present participle ryðjandisk
past participle ruzk
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular ryðjumk ruddumk ryðjumk ryddumk
2nd person singular ryzk ruddisk ryðisk ryddisk
3rd person singular ryzk ruddisk ryðisk ryddisk
1st person plural ryðjumsk ruddumsk ryðimsk ryddimsk
2nd person plural ryðizk rudduzk ryðizk ryddizk
3rd person plural ryðjask ruddusk ryðisk ryddisk
imperative present
2nd person singular ryzk
1st person plural ryðjumsk
2nd person plural ryðizk

Synonyms

Descendants

  • Faroese: ryðja
  • Icelandic: ryðja
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: rydja, ; (dialectal) rya, rua, rudjø, rødja, rødda, røa, ræa
  • Old Swedish: ryþia, rydhia, rödhia
  • Old Danish: ryddæ

Further reading

  • Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “ryðja”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 345; also available at the Internet Archive