Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/reudaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈreu̯.ðɑ.nɑ̃/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (red).[1]

Verb

*reudaną[1][2]

  1. to redden, make red
Inflection
Conjugation of (strong class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *reudō *reudaų *reudai ?
2nd singular *riudizi *reudaiz *reud *reudazai *reudaizau
3rd singular *riudidi *reudai *reudadau *reudadai *reudaidau
1st dual *reudōz *reudaiw
2nd dual *reudadiz *reudaidiz *reudadiz
1st plural *reudamaz *reudaim *reudandai *reudaindau
2nd plural *riudid *reudaid *riudid *reudandai *reudaindau
3rd plural *reudandi *reudain *reudandau *reudandai *reudaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *raud *rudį̄
2nd singular *raust *rudīz
3rd singular *raud *rudī
1st dual *rudū *rudīw
2nd dual *rududiz *rudīdiz
1st plural *rudum *rudīm
2nd plural *rudud *rudīd
3rd plural *rudun *rudīn
present past
participles *reudandz *rudanaz
Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *reudan
    • Old English: rēodan
  • Old Norse: rjóða

Etymology 2

Apparently from a Proto-Indo-European *Hrewdʰ- (to clear out), though with no certain cognates outside of Germanic. The main cited possible cognate is Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬌𐬀 (raoiδiia, (possibly) to be made arable), though this is uncertain due to the Avestan term itself having an uncertain interpretation.[3] Said root has been linked to Proto-Indo-European *(H)rewH- (to dig out) (whence also Latin ruo (I dig out), Proto-Slavic *rъvati (to tear)).[4]

Verb

*reudaną[3][2]

  1. to clear, eradicate, remove
Inflection
Conjugation of (strong class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *reudō *reudaų *reudai ?
2nd singular *riudizi *reudaiz *reud *reudazai *reudaizau
3rd singular *riudidi *reudai *reudadau *reudadai *reudaidau
1st dual *reudōz *reudaiw
2nd dual *reudadiz *reudaidiz *reudadiz
1st plural *reudamaz *reudaim *reudandai *reudaindau
2nd plural *riudid *reudaid *riudid *reudandai *reudaindau
3rd plural *reudandi *reudain *reudandau *reudandai *reudaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *raud *rudį̄
2nd singular *raust *rudīz
3rd singular *raud *rudī
1st dual *rudū *rudīw
2nd dual *rududiz *rudīdiz
1st plural *rudum *rudīm
2nd plural *rudud *rudīd
3rd plural *rudun *rudīn
present past
participles *reudandz *rudanaz
Descendants

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*reudan- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 410:s.v. ‘to make red’
  2. 2.0 2.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*reuđanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 302
  3. 3.0 3.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*reudan- 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 410:s.v. ‘to clear, remove, eradicate’
  4. ^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “rode”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute